THE  LIBRARY 

OF 

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TINUS  SHORTHAND 


A  Logical  System  of  Modern 
Phonography,  Practical  for  all 
Purposes  for  Which  Rapid  and 
Accurate  Writing  is  Required 


COMPLETE  IN  TWELVE  LESSONS 

INCLUDING  SHORTHAND  NUMERALS 
AND  REPORTING 


By  WILLARD  I.  TINUS 

Principal.  Central  Business  College.  Chicago;  Author,  Dictation  Studies, 
and  Graded  Lessons  in  Practical  Dictation  Matter 


CHICAGO,  ILLINOIS 

THE  TINUS-HARMON  PUBLISHING  CO. 

109  Randolph  Street 

1908 


Copyright,  19C8 

By  Willard   I.  Tinus 

Chicago 


PREFACE. 

In  presenting  to  the  public  this  system  of  shorthand, 
no  claim  is  made  to  originality  in  the  form  of  any  ab- 
stract mark  or  line  contained  in  the  book.  They  have, 
doubtless,  all  been  used  thousands  of  times  before,  and' 
for  various  purposes.  In  fact,  every  stroke  in  the  al- 
phabet can  be  found  in  the  correct  forms  of  our  or- 

2  dinary  longhand.    However,  in  the  selection  of  strokes 
#  to  represent  certain  sounds  or  combinations  of  sounds, 
>"  many  original  ideas  have  been  introduced. 

C*       Shorthand  systems  always  have  been  but  approxi- 

3  mately  perfect  methods  of  recording  rapidly  spoken 
language.     All  persons  who  have  made  any  extended 

$   study  of  the  subject  are  familiar  with  this  fact. 
•       To  construct  a  more  perfect  system,  one  that  would 
5    serve  its  purpose  better  than  any  previously  known, 
has  occupied  the  attention  of  many  earnest  students 
of  the  art  ever  since  shorthand  became  a  practical 
pJ   science ;  but  particularly  during  the  last  half-century, 
p   for  during  this  time  the  requirements  have  greatly  in- 
creased, especially  in  the  matter  of  speed  at  which 
shorthand  frequently  must  be  written. 

Many  and  varied  have  been  the  plans  and  methods 
of  constructing  systems  of  shorthand ;  yet  there  seems 

449593 


iv  1'REFACE 

to  be  but  two  prevailing  schools  of  thought,  the  one 
expressing  vowels  by  writing  consonants  in  position ; 
consonants  by  hooks,  under  certain  conditions ;  vowels 
by  dots  and  dashes  written  disconnectedly;  light  and 
shaded  simple  consonants ;  halving ;  doubling ;  etc., 
etc.,  represented  by  Pitman,  Graham,  Munson, 
Longley,  Dement,  Burns,  Marsh:  and,  that  of  writing 
all  outlines  in  one  position ;  practically  one  form  for 
each  consonant;  vowels  by  circles,  hooks,  etc.,  joined; 
no  shaded  characters;  omitting  sounds  and  endings  of 
words,  to  secure  brevity,  etc.,  etc.,  represented  by 
Sloan-Duployan,  Malone,  Gregg,  Pernin,  Mosher, 
McKee. 

I  have  been  a  close  student  of  shorthand  for  more 
than  a  score  of  years,  beginning  when  but  a  boy.  The 
subject  has  always  appealed  to  me  from  an  artistic  as 
well  as  a  commercial  view.  To  me,  the  person  who 
can  faithfully  record  the  utterances  of  the  most  rapid 
speakers,  is  truly  an  artist ;  and  the  means  by  which 
he  accomplishes  his  task,  is  something  worthy  of  more 
than  a  passing  thought. 

In  all  of  my  study  of  various  systems,  including  the 
old  as  well  as  modern  productions,  I  have  been  guided 
by  an  unprejudiced  mind,  recognizing  merit  wherever 
found.  I  have  gathered  many  valuable  ideas  from  both 
schools  of  thought;  and  these,  as  far  as  practicable, 
have  been  incorporated  in  the  system  here  presented. 
On  the  other  hand,  many  objectionable  features,  some 


PREFACE  v 

of  which  will  be  referred  to  later,  have  been  eliminated. 

It  has  been  my  good  fortune  to  have  taught  short- 
hand from  the  beginning  to  several  thousand  students, 
and  to  have  assisted  hundreds  of  advanced  writers  in 
perfecting  their  knowledge  of  the  particular  systems 
they  were  using.  This  experience  brought  my  study 
and  research  into  close  relationship  with  actual  condi- 
tions in  the  practice  of  various  systems  of  shorthand. 

I  discovered  many  instances  where  it  seemed  to  me 
that  a  proper  combination  of  ideas  from  both  the 
schools  above  referred  to,  would  add  wonderful  facil- 
ity to  the  writing  and  reading  of  a  system  of  short- 
hand. 

This  caused  me  to  go  deeper  into  the  study  of  the 
possible  development  of  a  system  which  should  include, 
in  a  practical  way,  the  strong,  prominent  features  of 
both  methods,  and  at  the  same  time  eliminate  as  far 
as  possible  all  objectionable  ones ;  having  in  mind, 
always,  that  a  practical  shorthand  must  possess  the 
requisite  speed  qualities  to  be  written  sufficiently  rapid 
to  reduce  to  paper  the  utterances  of  the  most  rapid 
speakers ;  and,  must  also  be  sufficiently  legible  to  be 
accurately  read  when  written  under  the  greatest  stress 
of  speed.  Xext,  that  these  results  shall  be  obtained  at 
the  least  expense  of  physical  and  mental  energy. 

In  order  to  effect  the  greatest  conservation  of  physi- 
cal energy,  the  outline  should  be  brief.  Every  expedi- 
ent which  can  be  used  advantageously,  without  unduly 


vi  PREFACE 

increasing  the  mental  strain,  should  be  employed.  All 
of  the  material  introduced  in  the  primary  lessons  of 
any  system,  should  have  the  greatest  possible  value; 
and,  therefore,  should  not  and  could  not  be  discarded 
later. 

Strokes    that    are    difficult    of    execution,    such    as 

...............  Y\  \  \  ................................  1  .............  1   I 

also,  joinings  such  as 


where  distinctness  is  practically  impossible,  except 
when  written  with  extreme  care,  should  be  avoided  ; 
while  other  joinings,  such  as 


\  ............  r 


which  are  awkward,  should  be  reduced  to  the  mini- 
mum ;  and,  further,  backward  movements  should  be 
avoided,  particularly  those  involving  an  unwinding 
process,  as  is  used  in  constructing  the  following  out- 
lines, 

.  .....  3__  ..........  ^  ............  .  ......  ^  ...............  .  <L  ........  __£  ................  r  ........ 

all  of  which  are  very  difficult  to  execute  correctly  ;  but 
some,  or  all,  of  which  are  employed  in  the  Pitman, 
Graham,  Munson,  and  many  other  systems  of  short- 
hand. 

Shading,  while  of  value  as  an  abbreviating  expedi- 


PREFACE  vii 

ent,  as  used  in  this  system,  where  it  has  the  same  rela- 
tion to  all  strokes,  should  not  be  employed  as  the  sole 
means  of  distinguishing  forms,  as  is  done  in  many 
other  systems. 

To  conserve  mental  energy,  vowels  and  diphthongs 
should  be  recognizable  by  their  forms,  without  a  rule 
for  interpretation.  Sounds,  as  far  as  practicable, 
should  be  recorded  in  the  order  in  iMch  they  are 
heard.  This  is  particularly  true  of  initial  vowels ;  also 
the  inserting  of  vowels,  after  the  outline  has  been  writ- 
ten, should  be  reduced  to  the  minimum. 

:l -J ^ / _^L ^ 1 

a-d  6-d  6-n  e-j  6-th  o-r         e-z-T 

aid         owed        own         edge        oath         oar         easy 

The  vowel  in  each  of  the  above  words  is  quite  im- 
portant and  should  be  written ;  but  in  all  shorthand 
constructed  similar  to  the  above,  these  initial  vowels 
are  written  after  the  strokes  are  finished;  or,  in  other 
words,  the  order  of  the  sounds  as  heard  in  the  first 
word,  is  a-d,  yet  the  hand  performs  in  the  order  of 
d-a.  This  is,  of  course,  very  illogical,  and  should  be 
avoided. 

Words  should  be  written  in  the  order  in  which  they 
arc  heard.  Abbreviating  schemes,  such  as  the  follow- 
ing: 

; C 9 ^ C f 

it-will         these-will         can-you         what-we         at-all 


viii  PREFACE 

in  which  the  hook,  in  each  instance,  though  written 
first,  represents  the  second  word  in  the  phrase, 
will,  yon,  we,  all,  etc.,  are  an  unnecessary  mental 
strain,  and  should  be  avoided. 

The  position  of  a  phrase,  in  order  to  be  of  the  great- 
est possible  value  to  speed  or  legibility,  and  at  the 
same  time  to  be  written  with  the  least  expenditure  of 
mental  energy,  should  be  determined  by  the  first  word, 
and  not  by  the  second,  or  any  subsequent  word,  as  is 
true  of  many  systems. 

Each  stroke  should  be  written  in  the  same  unvary- 
ing direction,  without  regard  to  the  particular  sound 
or  stroke  which  immediately  precedes  or  follows  it. 

The  writer  should  not  be  required  to  think  of  some 
sound,  or  form,  or  both,  two  or  three  strokes  in  ad- 
vance of  the  one  he  wishes  to  write,  in  order  to  prop- 
erly locate  that  stroke.  A  rule  for  writing  in  posi- 
tion to  express  a  vowel  should  deal  only  with  the 
consonant  to  be  written. 

In  order  to  properly  locate  each  of  the  following 
outlines,  according  to  many  systems  coming  under  the 
first  school  of  thought,  the  writer  must  decide  where 
the  second  stroke  will  finish  before  he  writes  the  first ; 


and  in  the  following  the  same  is  true  of  the  third  and 
fourth  strokes,  since  the  position  of  the  first  stroke  is 
determined  by  the  first  downward  stroke, 


PREFACE 


x 


this  causes  an  unnecessary  mental  strain,  and  should  be 
avoided. 

It  should  never  be  necessary  to  radically  change  the 
form  or  position  of  a  primitive  word  or  outline,  as  is 
done  in  the  following: 


gear         gearing         key         keyed         clear         cleared 

The  above  changes,  in  both  form  and  position,  are 
necessary,  in  order  to  express  certain  derivatives  and 
past  tenses  according  to  the  Munson  system. 

I  believe  that  in  order  to  secure  the  best  results, 
the  outlines  for  all  tvords,  other  than  wordsigns  or 
contractions,  which  have  been  learned  as  such,  should 
have  a  complete  consonantal  representation,  with  suf- 
ficient vowels  indicated,  or  written,  to  make  the  out- 
line easily  readable. 

To  illustrate  the  greatest  abbreviating  principle  of 
the  second  school,  that  of  omitting  letters  and  syllables, 
particularly  the  endings  of  words,  I  have  used  outlines 
from  the  Gregg  system,  the  one  in  which  this  principle 
has  been  employed  most  widely,  as  a  means  of  secur- 
ing brevity  and  speed. 


p-o-s 
post 


n-a-v 
navigate 


d-e-1 
delegate 


m-u-s-k-u 
muscular 


p-r-o-s-k 
prosecute 


PREFACE 


S2 

df-n 
definite 

Cj, P 

p-r-s-t-r-a 
prostrate 


T 


d-e-gay-r-a 
degrade 


s-e-1-e-b 
celebrate 


a-v-e-s 
adverse 


p-r-s-p-r-s 
prospers 


gay-r-a-t-i-t       s-p-k-t-a-t 
gratitude  spectator 


Words,  as  far  as  possible,  should  be  thought  of  and 
written  in  syllables,  as  they  are  spoken;  or,  what 
amounts  to  the  same  thing,  sounds  should  be  expressed 
in  combination  rather  than  individually.  This  materi- 
ally lessens  the  mental  strain,  and  is  one  of  the  great- 
est factors  in  rapid  shorthand  writing. 

The  illustrations  appearing  in  this  article  are  used 
for  the  purpose  of  emphasizing  certain  statements, 
which  I  believe  to  be  of  vital  importance ;  and,  further, 
so  that  those  persons  who  are  familiar  with  various 
systems  of  shorthand,  may  the  more  easily  verify  the 
force  and  correctness  of  each  statement. 

The  criticisms,  if  such  they  seem  to  be,  of  various 
methods  now  in  use,  as  herein  referred  to  and  illus- 
trated, be  it  remembered,  are  friendly  and  in  the  inter- 
est of  progress. 

Xnte. — All  outlines  of  words  used  in  this  article  have 
been  taken  from  the  text  books  or  dictionaries  of  t'lu-  sys- 
tems illustrated. 


PREFACE  xi 

Some  of  the  original  and  characteristic  features  of 
the  system  of  shorthand  here  presented,  are  as  fol- 
lows: 

The  forms  of  the  vowels  admit  of  their  being  joined 
to,  struck  through,  or  inserted  between  consonant 
strokes. 

Each  vowel  and  consonant  stroke  has  but  one  form. 

No  rule  is  necessary  for  correctly  placing  vowels 
between  consonants. 

Vowel  strokes  are  not  affected  by  the  varying  direc- 
tions of  different  consonants  to  which  they  may  be 
written. 

Vowels  and  consonants,  of  equal  length,  are  al- 
ways written  in  different  directions. 

All  consonant  strokes,  but  one,  are  written  on  the 
forward  slant,  or  horizontal. 

Vowels  are  joined  to  consonants  as  hooks,  or  with 
distinct  angles. 

Initial  vowels  are  always  written. 

Consonants  are  always  written  in  the  same  direction 
regardless  of  what  precedes  or  follows  them. 

F  and  V  hook  is  written  finally  on  all  consonant 
and  vowel  strokes,  both  straight  and  curved. 

/  and  Gay  are  represented  by  a  small  final  hook. 

K   is  represented  by  a  large  final  hook. 

The  combined  strokes,  many  of  which  contain  three 
sounds,  are  written  with  a  single  stroke  of  the  pen,  the 
same  as  simple  consonants. 


xii  PREFACE 

Many  strokes  are  simply  curved  to  add  the  sound 
of  T  or  D. 

Mpt  and  Mbd  are  represented  by  a  single  stroke. 

The  three  positions  for  horizontal  strokes  are  on,  or 
above,  the  line  of  writing. 

No  vertical  or  backward  straight  consonant  strokes 
are  used. 

Practically  all  joinings  of  strokes  are  by  acute 
angles,  or  curves.  Obtuse  angles  are  rare. 

All  rules  are  clear  and  concise,  and  practically  with- 
out exceptions. 

The  material  to  represent  sounds,  or  combinations 
of  sounds,  has  been  so  selected,  that  when  once  intro- 
duced in  the  primary  lessons,  it  remains  as  a  necessary 
and  permanent  feature  of  the  system. 

The  system  embodies  a  complete  and  practical  sys- 
tem of  shorthand  numerals,  whereby  all  kinds  and 
forms  of  numbers  may  be  written  in  shorthand,  as 
easily,  and  as  correctly  as  the  simplest  words. 

Combined  with  these  new  ideas,  I  have  employed 
in  the  system  other  great  speed  factors  which  truly 
conserve  both  physical  and  mental  energy,  and  which 
are  recognized  elements  of  all  shorthand,  that  can'  be 
most  rapidly  written ;  such  as  expressing  vowels  by 
writing  consonants  in  positions ;  consonants  being 
represented  by  large  and  small  final  hooks ;  large 
circles ;  large  and  small  loops ;  consonants  added  by 
shortening,  lengthening,  or  shading;  words  added  by 


PREFACE 


Xlll 


shading ;  syllables  added  by  large  and  small  hooks ; 
words  added  by  final  hooks ;  words  indicated  by  prox- 
imity ;  and  by  writing  below  the  line,  etc. ;  also,  many 
more  complete  prefix  and  suffix  syllables  are  repre- 
sented by  simple  strokes  than  is  possible  in  any  other 
system;  since  all  vowel  strokes,  as  well  as  consonants, 
are  employed  for  this  purpose. 

The  following  illustrations  show  the  method  of  using 
some  of  these  well-established  principles,  referred  to 
in  the  preceding  paragraph: 

_->  Z  /  £ 

make         achieve         drives         humbugs         possesses 


affirms      fancy     retain       grateful      stages      surmised 


roster         prestige         remit        address         promoters 


prosecutors       lines       manages       neither       powerful 


•S~ 


.C. 


preventive        out-of       they-are-to-have        which-are 

-?  J  <? 

in-regard-to-your  if-they-are  is-it-his 


xiv  PREFACE 


7 

as-there-is  to-the-city     president-of-thc-road 

^ ^  t  / 

accommodation     incompetent     operatic     exceedingly 

This  system  of  shorthand  is  thoroughly  practical 
for  all  purposes  in  which  shorthand  is  employed.  It 
is  the  result  of  an  intelligent  combination  of  theory  and 
practice,  and  has  been  thoroughly  tested,  with  most 
satisfactory  results. 

It  possesses  speed  qualities  equal  to  that  of  any  sys- 
tem ever  devised,  and  can  be  written  rapidly  with  less 
physical  and  mental  exertion  than  is  required  in  writ- 
ing any  other  system. 

It  can  be  learned  as  quickly  as  any  other  practical 
system,  and  unusual  interest  is  certain  to  be  manifested 
by  the  student  as  he  progresses  from  one  lesson  to  an- 
other, in  the  logical  unfolding  of  its  parts. 

The  phrasing  qualities  of  the  system  are  most  re- 
markable. Words  join  easily  and  naturally,  without  in 
the  least  impairing  the  legibility  of  the  writing. 

Any  given  page  of  matter  will  usually  contain  fewer 
strokes,  with  more  recorded  sounds,  than  when  writ- 
ten in  any  other  system  of  shorthand. 

The  reading  power  of  the  system  is  possibly  its 
strongest  factor.  After  notes  have  been  rapidly  writ- 
ten, they  must  be  correctly  transcribed  to  be  of  any 


PREFACE  xv 

practical  value.  A  reader  of  notes  written  in  this  sys- 
tem will  find  that,  although  an  outline  may  he  very 
brief,  the  essential  sounds,  those  which  are  most  vital 
to  the  correct  interpretation  of  the  outline,  will  always 
be  represented,  making  reading  of  the  notes  an  easy 
and  a  pleasant  task. 

I  ask  that  the  great  army  of  teachers,  stenographers, 
reporters,  school  proprietors  and  the  public  generally, 
who  may  be  at  all  interested  in  the  subject,  give  this 
system  of  shorthand  a  thorough  test,  with  the  object 
of  learning  its  true  merits.  If  this  be  done,  and  if  the 
same  unbiased  and  unprejudiced  opinions  toward  that 
which  is  new  are  held,  as  I  have  always  held  in  my 
study  and  investigations,  I  shall  be  perfectly  satisfied 
with  the  verdict.  Let  merit  and  true  worth  be  the 
ruling  factors,  and  if  it  shall  stand  the  test,  let  the 
adoption  be  made. 

It  is  with  the  hope  of  making  the  study  of  shorthand 
still  more  pleasant,  and  of  lessening  the  labors  incident 
to  acquiring  a  practical  working  knowledge  of  an 
efficient  system,  that  this  book  is  written. 

I  hereby  make  grateful  acknowledgement  to  the 
authors  and  inventors  of  various  systems  of  shorthand, 
which  have  preceded  this,  for  much  of  the  inspiration 
and  encouragement  I  have  experienced,  born  of  a 
thorough  knowledge  of  scores  of  their  best  works. 

WlLLARD    I.    TlNUS. 

Chicago.  June  22,  1908. 


INTRODUCTION. 


To  those  who  are  just  beginning  the  study  of  short- 
hand, as  presented  in  this  book,  a  few  words  by  way 
of  introducing  the  subject  should  be  of  value. 

If  you  have  not  already  done  so,  carefully  read  the 
preface  of  this  book.  It  contains  valuable  information, 
which  you  should  know. 

On  entering  the  stenographic  field  you  certainly 
desire  to  become  one  of  the  best;  therefore,  be  thor- 
oughly in  earnest  in  all  of  your  study,  and  the  master- 
ing of  the  system  will  be  an  easy  and  pleasant  task. 

Learn  the  alphabet  thoroughly.  Practice  carefully, 
writing  with  a  free,  gliding  movement.  Try  to  write 
good  shorthand  from  the  start.  Follow,  as  nearly  as 
possible,  the  examples  of  notes  given  in  eachjesson. 

Remember  that  you,  not  the  teacher,  are  to  do  the 
studying.  Learn  well  what  is  given  in  each  lesson, 
before  proceeding  to  the  next.  Don't  work  mechanic- 
ally. Think,  and  endeavor  to  understand  what  you 
are  trying  to  accomplish. 

Take  pride  in  making  the  characters.  Never  patch 
or  retrace  an  outline.  If  a  character  is  wrong,  incom- 
plete, or  out  of  position,  mark  it  out,  and  write  an  en- 
tirely new  outline.  Practice  for  neatness,  accuracy, 


IXTRODUCTIOX  xvii 

and  perfect  proportion. 

Read  carefully,  and  follow  implicitly  the  instruc- 
tions given  introducing  each  new  principle  throughout 
the  book. 

Use  a  No.  2  pencil,  or  a  stenographer's  pen.  The 
latter  is  a  pen  with  a  point  that  clings  to  the  paper, 
and  will  shade  in  any  direction.  The  majority  of 
stenographers  use  the  pencil.  Fountain  pens  are,  as  a 
rule,  unsatisfactory,  as  many  times  they  fail  to  re- 
spond in  rapid  writing.  Write  with  a  sharp  pencil, 
and  always  have  a  goodly  supply  on  hand  for  any 
emergency. 

Hold  your  notebook  or  paper  firmly,  with  the  left 
hand,  that  it  may  remain  flat. 

When  writing,  sit  erect,  and  do  not  let  the  weight  of 
the  body  rest  on  the  right  arm.  Do  not  lean  against 
the  desk. 

Cultivate  a  small,  neat  hand.  Clumsy,  sprawling 
notes  are  a  great  hindrance  to  speed  and  legibility, 

Xo  outline  is  given  that  will  be  changed  later ; 
therefore,  you  should  practice  all  of  the  words  and 
exercises  until  they  are  thoroughly  learned. 

Read  all  of  the  notes  you  write,  particularly  those 
written  while  taking  dictation. 

Make  it  a  rule  to  review  all  of  the  wordsigns  and 
contractions,  daily.. 

Practice  neatness  in  transcribing  your  notes. 


INSTRUCTIONS. 

The  modified  sounds  of  the  vowel  o  (ah  and  aw}  are 
placed  with  the  diphthongs  oi  and  ou>,  in  order  that 
all  may  be  treated  under  one  brief  rule. 

In  learning  and  practicing  the  alphabet,  give  close 
attention  to  the  directions  in  which  the  characters  are 
written ;  also  to  the  relative  sizes  of  each  group.  The 
Z'oivcl  strokes  are  mere  ticks ;  short  strokes  are  twice 
their  length;  and,  long  strokes  are  half  longer  than 
short  strokes.  The  surface  strokes  are  twice  the  width 
of  s.  There  are  no  shaded  characters  in  the  alphabet. 

The  second  form  of  th  is  used  only  when  a  better 
joining  can  be  effected,  and  for  a  limited  number  of 
wordsigns.  However,  this  use  of  the  stroke  renders 
absolutely  certain  and  easy  the  reading  of  wordsigns, 
compound  words,  or  phrases  containing  th  strokes. 

In  the  development  of  the  system  it  becomes  un- 
necessary to  join  such  strokes  as,  ^'hay-yea,  u'hay-t, 
way-yea,  and  other  seemingly  difficult  joinings. 
Strokes  that  are  joined  join  easily,  and  distinctly. 
Hay  cannot  be  joined  to  any  portion  of  an  outline. 

As  r  will  seldom  be  joined  to  k,  no  conflict  will  arise 
in  reading  the  combination,  k-l. 

The  vowel  following  the  first  consonant  in  a  word 


INSTRUCTIONS  xix 

is  called  the  position  vowel. 

I  before  /•  or  /,  also  after  p  or  k  should  be  struck 
upward  and  nearly  vertical. 

The  letter  ;/  is  often  pronounced  as  ng,  especially 
before  k,  as  in  sink,  rank. 

The  stroke  for  g  represents  only  the  hard  sound,  as 
in  game,  lag;  soft  g  is  the  same  as  /,  as  in  gem,  age. 

Final  cd  often  has  the  sound  of  /,  as  in  looked. 

Memorize  the  alphabet  thoroughly  before  proceed- 
ing with  the  lesson  which  follows. 


Alphabet  of  Tinus  Shorthand 


Vowels 

Long  Sounds     Short  Sounds 


^ 

e  as  heard  in          ^ach                  etch 

\ 

i  '                             ice                     its 

^ 

a  "                            age                    attach 

< 

o  "                            owed                 odd 

. 

oo                              ooze                    book 

> 

<t       it       1  1 
u                               use                     up 

Diphthongs 

(•  oy 

as  beard  in  ojster     or     oi      as  heard  in 

toil 

-s  ah 

alms              aw 

saws 

(;     Oil 

house             ow 

how 

Consonants 

Short 
Strokes 

/    (  J   1    (-0               /^_  ^ 

-  ^~* 

c/iay  p     f  is/i     ifh                     /  way   n      r 

k 

downward                                                  to  the  right 

Long          /           )                   ^ 
Strokes    /           /                 ^         »  *•        

(1        T                j            1            m 

downward                           to  the  right 

Surface 
Strokes 

Minute 
6/             /9               CD          (.'haractcrs 

< 

b          «ay       iL'huy     yea                          hay- 

Copyright,  l!«J3,  by  Willanl  I.  Tinus 


LESSON    ONE. 


VOWEL  POSITIONS. 

All  vowels  and  diphthongs,  when  standing  alone, 
are  written  in  definite  positions  with  reference  to  the 
line  of  writing ;  also  when  they  are  written  as  the  first 
sound  of  words  of  one  syllable. 

<-,  /,  and  oi,  above  the  line,  or  first  position; 

a,  o,  all  and  aw,  on  the  line,  or  second  position; 

u,  oo,  on  and  ow,  through  the  line,  or  third  position. 

(  c .     '    v 

* i t 

e  i  ni  a  o        ah  u '       oo       on 

oy  aw  i>\\- 

The  method  of  writing  consonants  in  vowel  posi- 
tions is  shown  by  the  following  illustrations. 

Xotc  particularly  that  the  third  position  horizontal 
strokes  coincide  with  the  writing  line. 

/  —  </  o 


In  shorthand,  only  sounded  letters  are  written;  all 
silent  letters  are  ignored.  To  illustrate ;  ache,  in  short- 
hand, is  spelled  o  k;  owed,  o  d;  eight,  a  t;  weigh,  wa\ 
a;  sigh,  .f  /';  etc. 


2                       TIXUS    SHORTHAND 
I ^  /  , ^         ( 

e-chay  I  i-d  6-d      •        a-j  o-th 

each  eye  eyed  owed  age  oath 

JOIXIX*;   S. 

S  is  joined  to  strokes  as  follows:  Inside  of  curved 
and  surface  strokes ;  on  the  right  side  of  down  straight 
strokes;  tipper  side  of  horizontal  straight  strokes;  and, 
left  side  of  up  straight  strokes. 

r-s             s-1         s-f-s       h-s  s-gay  chay-s     s-d  s-m 

^^  £          f  _J> 

s-m-s       s-t       s-j-s  k-s  p-s       th-s  way-s 

Xame  the  letters  in  each  of  the  following: 


0(1 6*. (o  S-_-f ^^y?.         O-^ 

J^       —^-^      ^-^- 


TINUS    SHORTHAND  3 

Between  certain  strokes  curved  alike  but  struck  at 
different  angles,  s  is  written  on  the  back  of  the  first 
stroke. 


>?. 


_ rOs?... 


a-s-o          a-s-p  p-s-k        k-s-p 

In  writing  a  word  beginning  with  a  consonant,  or  a 
word  of  two  or  more  syllables  beginning  with  a  vowel, 
write  the  consonant  in  the  position  of  the  vowel  fol- 
lowing (the  position  vowel)  to  express  that  vowel 
sound;  join  the  second  consonant  to  the  first,  etc. 


/ —  .  .   ^ _ / x? 

d-a                n-6  way-a  chay-u  gay-a 

day             know  way  chew  gay 

way-66        chay-e-t  d-e-p  1-6-d  f-a-t 

woo                cheat  deep  load  fate 

/-^  f  o/ 

yca-o-k           d-u-k  s-a-m  s-u-chay  v-u-s 

yoke              duke  same  such  views 


s-e-m-s 
seems 


a-s-k-s 
asks 


a-s-I-n 
assign 


r-i-s-k 
risk 


d-e-s-k 
desk 


T1.\US    SHORTHAND 


t-a-s-k-s  v-c-s-1-s  m-u-s-I-k          a-s-u-m 

tasks  vessels  music  assume 

DIPHTHONGS. 

The  small  dot,  only,  in  the  middle  of  a  consonant, 
indicates  a  diphthong  in  all  words  containing  other 
consonants  than  hay  or  s;  it  may  be  placed  before  (to 
the  left  or  above)  or  after  (to  the  right  or  below) 
short  or  long  strokes,  and  within  surface  strokes.  The 
dot  may  be  made  heavy  to  technically  indicate  the 
sound  of  ah  as  in  palm. 

-">  "^ 

b 
oil  boil  -        joy          annoy     bough  couches 


pshaw  law  palm  Ida  commas 

C  has  no  representation  in  the  shorthand  alphabet. 
The  soft  sound  of  c  is  written  with  s,  and  the  hard 
sound  with  k. 

ceil          cease        city  case  cask  cope 

The  following  illustrates  the  use  of  chay  and  ish : 


TIN  US    SHORTHAXD  5 

chop  shop  latch  lash  catch  casli 

To  distinguish  the  sound  of  th  in  bath  from  the  th  in 
bathe,  strike  a  short  horizontal  dash  across  the  latter 
to  give  it  the  hard  sound. 

A  like  marking  gives  to  ish  the  sound  of  zh,  as  heard 
in  azure,  leisure. 

bath  bathe  lath  lathe  regime 

Place  a  dot  within  the  's  to  give  it  the  sound  of  r. 

zeal  zero  zone  zany  lazy  lose 

TECHNICAL  VOWEL  DISTINCTIONS. 

If  it  should  be  necessary  to  indicate  the  exact  sound 
of  a  vowel,  as  in  unfamiliar  or  isolated  words,  foreign 
or  proper  names,  it  may  be  done  as  follows: 

Place  a  dot  abov^~vo\ve\  stroke^  to  indicate  long 
soundg.  The  position  vowel  may  be  struck  across  the 
first  consonant  or  between  the  first  and  second  conso- 
nants, written  light  for  short  sounds,  and  heavy  for 
long  sounds. 


TINUS    SHORTHAND 


' 


s-I-n 
sign 

s-T-ii 
sin 

G-chay 
each 

e-chay 
etch 

<^> 

6-d 
owed 

6-d 
odd 

s-l-I 
sly 

f-T-l 
fill 

u-s 
use 


u-s 

us 


f-T-l 
file 


I-66-S 

loose 


These  technical  distinctions  are  seldom,  if  ever, 
necessary  in  practical  work,  as  the  use  of  a  word  in 
a  sentence  will  always  determine  which  vowel  modi- 
fication the  word  possesses.  The  same  is  equally  true 
of  the  fine  consonantal  distinctions  for  zli,  z,  and  ///. 

Hay,  as  the  first  consonant  in  a  word,  is  usually 
written  first,  and  at  the  beginning,  or  beside  a  diph- 
thong; but  between  strokes  it  is  more  convenient  to 
\write  it  last, and  at  the  end  of  the  second  stroke. 


hill 


halo 


hurry         halls     behoove   for-him 


HAY   A  XI)   S. 

When  hay  or  s  are  the  only  consonants  in  a  word, 
the  vowel  or  vowels  must  be  written. 


•€ 
s-ou-s 

M  'Use 


s-e 
see 


s-a 
say 


s-i 

sigh 


s-o 

-I  I 


s-u 

sue 


s-aw 
saw 


TIN  US    SHORTHAND 


e-s-i 
easy 

hay-a-z-I 
hazy 

a-hay-oi 
ahoy 

s-e-s 
cease 

-( 

I-S-l 

icy 

a-s-a 
assay 

e-s-a 
essay 

e-s-au 
Esau 

hay-6 
hoe 

d 

hay-u-s 
hews 

8  TINUS    SHORTHAND 

WORD    PRACTICE. 

Inasmuch  as  the  rule  for  writing  outlines  in  posi- 
tion deals  only  with  the  first  stroke  in  a  word,  it  is 
unnecessary  to  show  the  writing  line  in  the  lists  of 
illustrated  words. 

R'e-read,  carefully,  the  rule  for  placing  words  i  i 
position. 


— 

no 

•t        house 

6? 

*>    ._**> 

seems 

buys 

^ 

sale 

<)         use 

^ 

keys 

)       vouch 

<7 

sag 

tr~o    masks 

<r-b 

sacks 

^*       juicy 

J 

voice 

c 

"         spicy 

V 

search 

/        aside 

^ 

ties 

C_^>      policy 

toil 

!—  ^       hilly 

* 

ice 

0  —  -i      sallow 

fc> 

sees 

C          whoop 

TIXUS    SHORTHAND 


j 

choice 

I 

sheath 

? 

gasps 

** 

hasty 

*— 

assume 

-  —  B 

hooks 

>•  

assail 

*r* 

yellow 

j 
—  t 

follow 

-  —  , 

honey 

^ 

hawks 

L, 

dazzles 

.7 

behead 

V 

fussy 

v 

yore 

f 

espy 

^r 

wreath 

r 

path 

^ — i       halloo 
— •* — e      musAJes 
lessee 
measles 
f       asleep 


( 


whip 

mouth 

chew 

bask 

raise 

cause 

same 

miss 

snows 

road 

chase 

sight 

paid 


10  TIXUS    SHORTHAND 

WORD  PRACTICE— Concluded. 


J 


J- 


soars 

assignee 

face 

*~  —  *    fallacy 

soil 

^    lashes 

speak 

whisk 

theme 

€    lasso 

lead 

•fc       hose 

vows 

—  ?      rosy 

nice 

x-      pouches 

balm 

/        shoes 

o^      Sahara 

sour 

loathe 

*/       beehive 

ripe 

~^       noisy 

busy 

{      writhe 

dizzy 

^      escape 

r 

TIN  US    SHORTHAND 


WORD   SIGNS. 


11 


Brief  signs  are  provided  for  a  number  of  the  most 
frequently  recurring  words  of  the  language.  These 
signs  are  usually  a  portion  of  the  complete  outline, 
but  in  a  few  cases  they  are  arbitrary,  as  dots,  etc. 
They  are  always  written  in  their  respective  positions, 
except  when  joined  in  phrases. 

All  wordsigns  should  be  thoroughly  memorized,  and 
very  carefully  and  accurately  written. 


the*     a*         and*         is  as     has     are     can     could     of 

an                         his  country 

he         how         these  all         will         which         have 

< i /       L , i J 

with         than         shall  ship      should         if         for 

think        thank  usual 

at             it             out  give       not  hand     do  would 

truth  given                     defendant 


in       am      put      year      our      then      them      thousand 
*The  dot  is  used  when  standing  alone. 


12  TIXUS    SHORTHAND 

) L.     -        _        *      J 

though      th<»e      week  allow      business      confidence 


c 


9 c^  -?. 

subject        satisfy       yes       young       special        several 


/ 


particular-ly         did         signify        possible         plaintiff 
dollar     signature     possibly 


within    without 

PHRASE  'WRITING. 

In  practical  writing,  many  small  and  frequently 
recurring  words  may  be  joined  to  other  outlines,  and 
in  this  way  several  words  may  be  written  without  rais- 
ing the  pen  or  pencil.  Phrasing  in  this  way  greatly 
facilitates  speed  in  writing,  and  renders  tjie  notes  more 
easily  read. 

In  the  phrases  he-is,  he-has,  and-is,  and-as,  and-has, 
to  avoid  confusion,  the  second  word  instead  of  the 
first  regulates  the  position  of  the  phrase. 

A  very  useful  form  of  phrasing  is  the  joining  of 
wordsigns  as  follows: 


TIN  US    SHORTHAND  .     13 

e.  V  k 

V" '*S 

is-the  as-the  and-the  and-a  of-the  of-a 
are-the  in-the  with-the  give-a  have-a 
have-his  will-the  and-as-a  and-is-the 

7\  ^3        . 

and-has-the        ship-a        he-is        he-has         he-is-the 
he-has-the  he-has-a  it-is  it-is-the 

it-is-a         not-the         would-a         will-not         are-not 

in-all         would-not         can-not         have-it         give-it 
/  / 

f L ^ 

did-not        it-will-be       should-you       do-not       at-the 


14 


TINUS    SHORT  1  LI  MJ 


(OX  TRACTIONS. 


A  few  words  requiring  lengthy  outlines  for  their 
full  representation  are  of  such  frequent  occurrence 
that  it  is  desirable  to  write  them  with  outlines  some- 
what abbreviated,  that  portion  of  the  complete  form, 
which  is  easiest  to  write  and  read,  being  used. 

These  contractions,  which  include  all  abbreviated 
forms  containing  more  than  one  stroke,  should  be 
thoroughly  memorized,  and  always  written  with  the 
same  unvarying  outlines. 

The  following  shows  a  list  of  contractions  coming 
under  the  principles  contained  in  this  lesson. 


represent     respect     unless     annual      work     county 
^  +-  C-  c 

( 

December       familiar       spirit       hope        satisfactory 

,         -^         >        *       £: 

s  -j 

account        answer        efficient         govern        peculiar 
efficiency  government 

„ £.._.„ s==^ 2 ^ .:?. 

object         mistake          before          toward          because 

told 


purpose    America    call    company    attorney    essential 


T1NUS    SHORTHAND  15 

PHRASE  SIGNS. 

I  9 

__f> 

I-am       yes,   sir       no,   sir 

Initials  are  represented  in  shorthand  by  writing  the 
letter  and  placing  two  short  dashes  under  it.  The 
capitalization  of  words  is  indicated  in  the  same  man- 
ner. 

Special  signs  are  used  for  C,  Q,  X,  and  Z,  as  these 
letters  have  no  representation  in  the  shorthand  alpha- 
bet. 

Gay,  scar  and  yea  are  written  for  G,  W .  and  Y  re- 
spectively. 


INITIALS. 

^ 

A 

^     J 

" 

o         S 

(J 

B 

^      K 

" 

, 

-x      T 

w 

<L 

C 

.  ,    L 

0 

/ 

£) 

M 

;      u 

• 

<     v 

v_ 

£ 

N 

" 

» 

•^    w 

J 

p 

<.      o 

" 

// 

^      ~K 

1 

G 

C   p 

•>      Y 

. 

H 

^K          Q 

/x 

" 

« 

G            Z 

v 

I 

R 

* 

16  TINUS    SHORTHAND 

PUNCTUATION,    ETC. 

The  punctuation  marks,  etc.,  usually  written  in  short- 
hand, are  shown  by  the  following  illustrations.  Other 
marks  are  the  same  as  in  print : 


period      interrogation      exclamation      dash      hyphen 


quotation    parenthesis     paragraph     emphasis    accent 

EXERCISE   1. 
Read,  copy,  and  read  from  your  notes. 


).    '   -rr>    °     ' ""        *~^^  °    ^1.. 


.  v.. 


17 


EXERCISE  2. 

Words  to  be  written  in  a  phrase  are  joined  with  the 
hyphen. 

Write  in  shorthand. 

We-will  ship-you  all  of-the  couches  soon.  Will  it 
be  possible  for-you  to  represent  us  in  December?  It- 
was-a  peculiar  case.  Do-you  now  recall  it?  We-will 
satisfy  you.  Which  way  did  they  go?  We-will  send 
these,  special.  Is-he^  in  business  with-the  defendant 
now?  How  would-it  do  in-this  particular  respect? 
We-hope  this-will-be-satis factory.  He  says  it-is-not- 
the  same,  and  will-not  do  for-his  use.  You-may  put 
in  a  few  of  these  at  a  dollar  each.  Did-you-know  it- 
was-a  special  subject?  I-hope  you-can  pay-the  account 
soon.  We-will  allow  for-it  all  we  possibly  can.  She- 
may  signify  such-a  wish.  This  would-not-be  so  usual 
in-the  country.  Do-not-call,  unless,  I  send  for-you. 
The  officer  did-not  pay-his  annual  dues. 

I-may  go  out  of-the  city,  for-a  few-days  this  week. 
The  work  the  attorney  did  for  the  company  was-not 
satisfactory.  Why  do-you  object,  does-he  not-have 
several  thousand  of-them  in-his-office  now  ?  The  de- 
fendant has  confidence  in-his  attorney.  It-is  because 
of-the  spirit  in-which-you  did-it. 


LESSON   TWO. 


SHADIXG  FOR  R. 

Vowels  and  consonants  alike  may  be  shaded  to  add 
the  sound  of  r.  In  general,  strokes  are  shaded  for  r 
preceding  the  position  vowel. 

* , 1 / <L. a. 

ire  your  arise         dray  price  brace 

Consonants  may  also  be  shaded  to  add  r  after  the 
position  vowel,  when  a  briefer  or  better  outline  can  be 
constructed ;  and  if  desirable,  the  position  vowel  may  be 
struck  through  the  middle  of  the  consonant,  or  placed 
after  it,  when  a  dot.  These  vowels,  however,  are 
seldom  necessary,  and  rarely  used,  as  will  be  observed 
from  the  reading  exercise  at  the  close  of  this  lesson. 


more  lure  chair  fire  park  sharp 

Note. — Through  the  introduction  of  certain  principles 
later  in  the  course,  it  will  be  practically  unnecessary  to 
shade  the  upward  strokes  /  and  /.. 

Hay  and  s  are  never  shaded. 


TINUS    SHORTHAND  19 

In  words  of  more  than  one  syllable,  the  vowel  occur- 
ring in  such  syllables,  as,  der,  chcr,  per,  gar,  fer,  etc., 
need  not  be  written. 

7 1  /  ~7  J  _ 

f  n 

reader      teacher      proper      measurei      sugar      Wafer 
X,  M,  AND  L. 

Shorten  the  short  strokes  (except  th),  lengthen  the 
long  strokes ;  also  lengthen  the  surface  strokes,  to  add 
the  sound  of  n  or  in.  The  rule  applies  also  to  strokes 
shaded  to  add  the  sound  of  r.  The  same  rule  adds 
the  sound  of  /  in  words  having  more  than  one  syllable, 
or  stroke. 


fine 

V 

fancy 

from 

I 

again 
j 

attain          time 

item         main         value         failure         bloom         flame 

If  it  should  ever  be  necessary  to  distinguish  between 
n  and  m,  in  the  application  of  the  above  rule,  the 
vowel  may  be  struck  across  the  consonant  to  show  that 
m  has  been  added. 


room     main  maim         whine    whim 


20  TIN  US    SHORTHAND 

T  AND  D. 

Reduce  the  surface  strokes  to  add  the  sound  of  / 
or  d  before  or  after  the  position  vowel.  The  rule  ap- 
plies also  after  these  strokes  have  been  shaded  to  add 
the  sound  of  r. 

x?  C  :> 

- <x - - .£. - *". ^ : - — 

but        get        what        bought        good        white        yet 

ir1  <s  is*-* 

_..<?m_ .^^. 

obtain          between          bright          greater          better 

SPECIAL  CHARACTERS. 

In  a  few  words,  the  sound  of  t  or  d  follows  th  or 
way  in  the  same,  or  nearly  the  same,  syllable.  These 
combinations  are  written  with  special  signs  as  follows : 


th-t         way-t 
th-d         way-d 

V  n O 

\j  V - ~>0 _....~v'1 

that       thought       method       witness       await      award 

To  form  the  past  tense  of  words  ending  with  chay 
or  ish,  add  t,  as  sounded. 


reached       furnished       latched       attached       matched 


TINUS    SHORTHAND  21 

A'G'  AND  L\G. 

Lower  the  end  of  «  to  give  the  stroke  the  sound  of 
ng.  The  stroke  is  shaded  to  add  the  sound  of  ger  or 
kcr.  This  stroke  is  used  only  when  the  ng  sound  is  a 
part  of  another  syllable. 

The  syllable  ing  is  written  with  a  small  dot  placed 
after,  and  close  to,  the  end  of  a  stroke. 


sing  brings  throng        banker  fingers 

basing          praising          ringing          getting         doing 

P  AND  B. 

Raise  the  end  of  m  to  add  the  sound  of  p  or  b. 
Shade  to  add  r. 


camp  simple      pump  ambitious  bumper  umber 

W  COMBINED  WITH  VOWELS. 

The  following  brief  character  written  within  outlines 
(not  joined),  adds  w  before  the  vowel,  and  when 
shaded,  also  adds  r  after  the  vowel.  When  used  initi- 
ally, it  is  written  in  position  to  indicate,  or  include  if 
shaded,  the  first  vowel  in  the  word. 


22  TIN  US    SHORT  HAM) 

The  character  is  struck  across  the  stroke  when  fol- 
lowing t,  k,  or  d,  in  syllables  containing  only  one  con- 
sonant stroke. 

dwell  swim  swing  twirl  worn 

>*  <r~-»  *-*  £ 

twice  squeeze  esquire          dwarf 


TIN  US    SHORTHAND 


WORD    PRACTICE. 


23 


Read  what  was  said  under  this  subject  in  lesson  one. 
Practice  all  of  the  outlines  with  the  object  of  under- 
standing their  construction,  as  well  as  knowing  what 
they  represent. 


air 

"~  —  "t/      labor 

ear 
drew 

(         powder 

r 

richer 

seeder 

dreamers 

freeze 

~*        freak 

cashier 

t^~~'      bearer 

agrees 

mine 

summarize 

-7    loaned 

near 

-  o     looms 

leisure 

_>         won 

frames 

/          people 

frowns 

/?         flag 

frenzy- 

i           clip 

fancier 

^~o       flasks 

rears 

greet 

24 


TINUS    SHORTHAND 


f\ 

wait 

v         bumps 

u 

boat 

amber 

•o 

haggard 

camps 

op 

•v? 

agate 

v  swamps 

V7 

agreed 

swims 

— 

water 

bewail 

~-c 

witnesseth 

swedge 

<A 

brighter 

swirl 

/ 

patched 

"    swarm 

V 

searched 

—  \     warehouse 

0  ~_<: 

rings 

'~^     quota 

^ 

tinkerV  j 

twang 

^-~~~* 

linger 

"~^>       quoth 

^ 

sinker 

ff~^j        squash 

seeing 

i-~—f>      dwellers 

a~" 

signing 

•^xX<      quarto 

^p- 

raising 

sequence 

'  — 

hamper 

^         guava 

25 
WORD  SIGNS. 

hear      higher      part-y      short      other       Mr.       Mrs. 


i „ 

found       general       while       generalize       comprehend 

_  J  ^  ^  > 

thing         long         very         single         supply         find 

important       importance       somebody      worth       well 

worthy 

u 
child       children       kind       guilt-y       both       surprise 

CONTRACTIONS. 

JL  ...7. * > 

0  ff 

present          anxious          English          until          opinion 

n  —— *__  , — tf 

maximum          minimum          opportunity          question 


IS-?- 

bank  bankrupt     bankruptcy  ptinctual 


26  TINUS    SHORTHAND 

*          >         r        -       / 
£>•  r 

frequent      virtue      property      inhabit      dcpart-ment 
SPECIAL  FORMS. 


throughout     thereto     thereat 

SHORTENING  .YG". 

A  shortened  Mg  stroke  on  the  line  is  written  for 
been.  This  principle  becomes  very  valuable  in  phrase 
writing,  when  been  may  be  written  in  any"position. 

.......................  2  **  * 

have-been  it-has-been  which-has-been 


it-has-been-said  there-has-been 

Than,  should  be  joined  to  words  of  comparative  de- 
gree. 


less-than         more-than        higher-than       better-than 

SHADING  TO  ADD   WORDS. 
Are  may  be  indicated  by  shading. 


TINUS    SHORTHAND  27 


i 


we-arc  they-arc  who-are         you-are 

PHRASE  SIGNS  AXD  PHRASES. 

Note  that  the  sign  for  i^crc-you  is  expressed  by 
simply  reversing  the  sign  for  you-zvcrc.  The  same  is 
true  of  arc-yon. 

..............  i  .................  _  ...........  >....  ..................  a  .....  .  ......................  <.._  .........  ..........  ~  ....................  __ 

wlm-were       you-were       wcre-you       are-you       in-our 

_  .......................  >  ...................................  ^  ...............................  ,  .................................  _  ..... 

there-arc     Yours-truly        Yours-very-truly 

TO  AND  TO-THE. 

As  the  rule  governing  the  positions  of  words  does 
not  require  that  a  word  shall  be  written  below  the  line, 
a  most  valuable  expedient  can  be  employed,  with  no 
possible  chance  of  a  conflict. 

Any  word,  usually  a  verb  or  pronoun,  preceded  by 
to,  may  be  written  below  the  line  to  indicate  the  to. 

Many  nouns  may  be  written  below  the  line  also,  to 
indicate  the  phrase  to-thc. 

~  ..................  "«-.  .............  »  .............  -/  ..............  /  .............  "^  ...................  ' 

to-see         to-go         to-reach         to-ship         to-satisfy 


28 


TIXUS    SHORTHAND 


to-him       to-them        to-your       to-that       to-the-bank 

:'6 " -====> - ' p, 

tothe-house  to-the-moncy  to-the-city 

The  application  of  the  above  principle  is  so  valuable 
and  far  reaching  that  it  is  desirable  for  the  student  to 
begin  the  practice  of  it  early  in  his  shorthand  experi- 
ence. 

EXERCISE  3. 
Read,  copy  and  read  from  your  notes. 


TINUS    SHORTHAND  29 

.  PHRASE  PRACTICE. 

The  following  illustrates  the  facility  with  which 
phrases  may  be  constructed.  These  phrases  need  not 
be  memorized.  The  words  combine  very  naturally, 
and  the  student  should  simply  practice  the  forms  in- 
telligently ;  writing  with  a  free  movement,  and  con- 
structing each  phrase  without  hesitation,  the  same  as 
if  it  were  the  outline  for  a  single  word.  This  careful 
practice  will  prove  of  great  value  to  the  student  in  the 
construction  of  other  phrases  coming  under  the  more 
advanced  principles  of  the  system. 

The  position  of  a  phrase  is  regulated  by  the  rule 
for  writing  words  in  position.  Therefore  no  writing 
lines  are  necessary,  and  none  are  shown  in  the  illustra- 
tions. Write  the  first  word  in  its  proper  position  and 
join  the  second  word  to  the  first,  etc. 


/         at  once 
^f         at  this  time 
at  that  time 
at   which   time 
as  was  the 
as  well  as  the 


30  TINUS    SHORTHAND 

PHRASE    PRACTICE— Continued. 


A 


by  them 

by  some  of  them 

can  be 

does  not  see 

do  you 

for  some  time 

for  several   years 

for  some  of  them 

from  you 

from  your 

for  you 

for  you   will  be 

for  you  cannot 

for  it  is  the 

great  many 

give  you 

give  me  the 

give  it 


L 


he  has  no 
here   is  our 
if  satisfactory 
if  it  is  the 
if  it  is  not  the 
if  you 
if  your 
if  you  can 
if  you  cannot 
in  which  it  was 
in  this  way 
in  that  line 
in  that  way 
(fif       in  this  respect 
in  this  country 
in  this  work 
in  all  the 
in  some 


"To/ 


TIN  US.  SHORTHAND 
PHRASE    PRACTICE— Continued. 


31 


L 


I  cannot  see 

£*       of  which  it  is 

I  can  be 

C        of  them 

I    do  not 

4,        of  this 

I  shall 

/         of   such 

I  shall  not  be 

f       of  such  a 

I  think 

6        of  his 

I  think  so 

/         should  you 

I  will  be 

/          should  you  know 

I    will   not 

14        that  is  the 

I  will  do  so 

ltt-x      that  is  our 

I  will  say 

uz  —  '    that  is  all 

it  is  impossible 

y         that  there  is 

it  is  not 

*a-t      there  is   no 

it  was  not 

^        there  is  one 

it  was  a 

x*         these  papers 

it  is  well 

/        these  people 

less   than   the 

L-*      they   can 

of   which 

*~^      this  week 

32 


TIN  US    SHORTHAND 

PHRASE    PRACTICE—  Concluded. 


u, 


this  year 
this  was  a 
this  will  not 
very  much 
very  few 
we  will  be 
we  will  send  you 
we  hope 
we  think 
we  will  ship  you 
we  will  do 
we  offer  you 
what  is  the 
who  may  be 
who  can 
who  can  be 
who  is  the 
which  will 


which  will  be 

which  gives  a 

which  may  be 

which  is  the 

which  it  was 

which  it  has  been 

will  see  that  the 

will  not  be 

will  be  satisfactory 

with  them 

with  such  a 

with  those  who  are 

would  not  be 

you  can 

you  may 

you  may  be 

you  know  there  is  a 

you  will  be 


TINUS    SHORTHAND  33 

EXERCISE  4. 
Write  in  shorthand. 

Do-you-know  how-many  people  there-are  now  in-this 
county?  Mr.  Parker  will  go  out  to-his  farm  some 
time  tomorrow.  All-the  people  of-a  kingdom  should 
respect-the  laws.  Do-you  speak  English?  What-is- 
the  number  at-the  present  time  ?  We  are  very  anxious 
to-hear  from-you.  That-is  our  minimum  price  for  this 
grade  of  goods.  You-may  call  for-the  goods  tomor- 
row. These-people  inhabit  English  soil.  We-will 
give-you  a  thousand-dollars  in-cash  for  this  piece-of 
land.  He  was  punctual  in-his-business,  but-is-now  in 
bankruptcy.  Mrs.  Smith  was-in-the  city  for-a  short- 
time  today.  The  child  was  usually  kind  to-other  chil- 
dren. He-has-been  bankrupt  more-than  once.  What- 
is-the  maximum  size  you-can  use?  Do-you  fully  com- 
prehend what  it-means?  We-will-send  both  of-them 
to-you  soon.  It-is-a  nice-thing  for-a  boy  to-go  to-a 
business  school  while-he-is  yet  young,  and-has-the  time 
and  opportunity.  Why-do-you  object  to-such-a  plan? 
I-do-not-see  how  they-can  do  the  work  in-so  short-a- 
time.  It-is-of  more-than  usual  importance,  and  I-hope 
you-will-see  to-it  at-once.  •  Who-are  some  of-these- 
people?  They-are  much  better-than  those.  You-are 
sure,  are-yon?  I-think  they-are  asking  more-than 
usual  for  this-piece  of  property. 


34  TIN  US    SH'ORTHAND 

LETTER  No.  1. 


/ 


"^      X      s* 
0      /9 


-c 

Mr.  W.  B.  Brown,      Memphis,  Tennessee. 
Dear  Sir: 

Your  order  for  goods  was  brought  to-our  office  this- 
morning.  The  same  will-receive  proper  care,  and-thc 
goods  will-be  shipped  as  soon-as  we  get  them  from  the 
warehouse. 

Yon-say  the  order  was  given  us  through  a  Mr.  R.  S. 
Harris,  one  of-your  clerks,  who-is  familiar  with-the 
very-fine  line-of  goods  we  carry.  This  is  gratifying 
news,  and  we-hope  what  we-ship-you,  will-please  you 
so  well  that  you-will-send  us  your  future  orders  for- 
such-goods  in-our-line,  as-you-may  wish. 

We-thank  you  for  this-order,  and  hope  to-hear-from- 
you  again,  soon.  Yours  truly, 

T.  O.  Fisher. 


LESSON  THREE. 


SES  CIRCLE;  ST  AND  STR  LOOPS. 

6"  is  written  large  to  add  a  second  ^  or  z  sound,  and 
is  called  scs  or  scz;  is  flattened  to  a  loop  to  add  the 
sound  of  t  or  d,  and  is  called  steh  or  zed.  This  loop 
may  be  shaded  to  add  the  sound  of  r  and  is  called 
stcr.  At  the  beginning  of  words,  the  loop  precedes 
the  position  vowel.  5"  may  follow  the  loops  or  the  ses 
circle.  The  ses  circle  and  loops  are  attached  to  strokes 
in  the  same  manner  as  s. 


.................  <*-<?  .................  0?.  ....................  ^  ......... 

faces       losses       prices       sources       bases       chooses 


least  adjust  roast  steam  adjuster 

.....  V^ - (/_     _  ^~^T> 

master          street        strike        posts        coasts        lists 


successes      possesses      boosters     Toasters      pastors 


36  TIXUS    SHORTHAND 

A  second  ^  or  st  sound  is  written  as  follows: 


wisest 

.......  ft? 

basest 


nicest 


choicest 


densest 


fiercest 


loosest 


fastest 


•If  necessary  the  vowel  between  the  ^  or  z  sounds, 
expressed  by  the  scs  circle,  may  be  written  within  the 
circle,  thus  giving  the  syllable  the  exact  sound. 

<a—  <s»-  &  cr  & 

/n/ 

(Jr  ..... 

season      system      sustain      decease      desist      precise 
PAST  TENSES. 

To  form  the  past  tense  of  words  ending  with  s  ex- 
tend the  circle  to  a  loop. 


raised         force 


forced 


base 


U>  . 


based 


The  past  tense  of  a  great  majority  of  verbs  is  formed 
by  writing  a  short  tick  struck  down  ward,  just  after  and 
close  to  the  outline.  In  rapid  writing,  this  tick  may 
often  be  omitted  without  impairing  the  legibility  of  the 
writing. 


TIN  US    SHORTHAND  37 

i 


received  displayed        annoyed         replied 

The  past  tense  of  contractions  is  formed  in  the  same 
manner. 


satisfied  handed  subjected  represented 

VOWELS  JOINED  AS  HOOKS. 

THE  A   HOOK. 

From  the  curve  of  the  vowel  stroke  a,  this  letter 
naturally  becomes  a  small  hook  when  followed  by 
chay,  ish,  d,  f,  v,  p,  b,  th,  wh,  and  ng,  where  the  hook 
opens  downward  or  to  the  left,  as  : 

__J..  ................  1  ...........  Z  ........  1  .....  2.  .............  C  ............  x.  ..........  2  ...........  £  ...........  =*__ 

a-chay    a-sh    a-d    a-f    a-v    a-p    a-b    a-th    a-wh    a-ng 


THE  E  AND  O  HOOKS. 

In  like  manner  e  becomes  a  small  hook  when  fol- 
lowed by  /,  j,  n,  m,  r,  I,  way,  k,  th,  ng,  and  gay;  and  o, 
a  large  hook  on  the  same  letters  except  th  and  gay, 
where  it  joins  with  a  distinct  angle. 

i/^      iS^          <.  _       <__  -       .CL.^..     C  ^-          <^  I  __  ,  C  C  _  <Sj  _______ 

et     ej     en    em    er    el     e-way         ek    e-th     e-ng    e-gay 

449593 


38  TINUS    SHORTHAND 

ot         oj         on       om       or       ol       o-way     ok       o-ng 


aid       adage       average       assure       about       appraise 

C v^  ^        ^ ^ 

either          absence          eat  edge          eel          oats 


oak         ohm         owner         errors         ethics         eager 

THE  AW  HOOK. 
Enlarge  the  a  hook  to  give  it  the  sound  of  aw  as  in : 

rv  ^ 

)          n         /  n 

author       awed       audience 

When  the  position  vowel  takes  the  hook  form  and 
is  preceded  by  hay  the  vowel  is  written,  and  hay  may 
be  placed  at  the  end  of  the  consonant. 

Read  the  rule  for  hay  in  Lesson  One. 

heat          height          hot          hat          home  ham 

"""7 1 

heal  hill  hole  hale  hash  hush 


TINUS    SHORTHAND  39 

Iladley         Headley        hyacinth        hyena        at-home 

CONCURRENT  VOWELS. 

In  certain  words,  two  vowels,  both  distinctly 
sounded,  will  follow  each  other,  and  they  are  usually 
represented  by  writing  the  word  in  position  for  the 
first  vowel,  and  giving  the  second  its  natural  stroke  or 
hook  form.  In  other  cases,  the  second  vowel  is  simply 
joined  to  the  first. 

lion  mayor       poet     pioneer      Messiah       Louisa 


dial         Owen         sower         Siam         Suez         sewage 

The  vowel  combinations  ia,  io,  etc. ,  having  the  sound 
of  y  in  the  middle  of  words,  as  in  alleviate,  union,  or 
at  the  end  of  words  as  in  insomnia,  are  written  with  a 
brief  detached  sign  as  follows.: 


enunciate  pinion  ammonia  brazier 

REVERSED  5. 
The  syllables  as,  os,  us,  ous,  cous,  ious,  etc.,  are  dis- 


40 


TINUS    SHORTHAND 


tinguished  from  s  by  a  reverse  or  retraced  joining  of 
s  under  the  stroke,  when  following  /,  /,  k,  n,  m,  b,  r. 
On  other  strokes  where  a  good  joining  can  be  made, 
use  us. 


bias 


chaos 


minus 


gorgeous 


poisonous 


7 


strenuous 


virtuous 


LY. 


radius 


pious 


The  syllable  ly  is  represented  by  i  written  in  a  verti- 
cal position.  It  may  also  be  struck  upward  when  more 
convenient. 


daily 


freely        nicely 


noisily 


only 


joyously          costly          earlier          clearly         keenly 
SPECIAL  VOWEL  FORMS. 

The  following  hook  vowel  forms,  though  limited  in 
application  and  used  in  the  middle  of  words  only,  add 
great  facility  to  the  writing. 

A  is  written  as  a  small  hook  on  the  under  side  of  t,  j, 


TIN  US    SHORTHAND  41 

n,  m,  i,  and  1;  c  as  a  small  hook  on  the  right  side  of 
sh  and  d;  o  as  a  large  hook  on  the  right  side  of  i  and 
d;  and  u  as  a  large  hook  on  chay.  It  will  be  seen  that 
in  these  hook  joinings  the  motion,  in  every  instance,  is 
the  same  as  in  the  vowel  strokes. 


courage  finally  claim  plead 

'" '/ I 


t 


adhesion  shoddy         thoroughly        Dutch 


42 


TINUS    SHORTHAND 
WORD  PRACTICE. 


«_p 

\a.ces 

^  —  "      style 

6 

chases 

^    °      streams 

r~D 

success 

^       <^\^,e.?,\.e<\ 

6 

passes 

X'       tasted 

T> 

cases 

7         assured 
'/ 

€ 

supposes 

9        avowed 

_P-- 

resist 

i/'       abated 

^ 

diseases 

l,         aspired 

0* 

sustains 

c^'       suited 

V 

Caesar 

-^           founded 

—  * 

most 

<7       respected 

-  <Z? 

last 

inhabited 

<s» 

mo\est 

7         added 

^ 

\>est 

v  —  '~^'     requested 

r 

priced 

CL^        oar 

r 

appraised 

c             else 

—0= 

gamesters 

C  o        owns 

TINUS    SHORTHAND 


43 


c  —  -tx 

elbow 

4,        piazza 

2— 

atheism 

^^      Tosiah 

9 

authors 

py      satiate 

c— 

ear 

o        associate 

c 

) 

appear 

^        vigorous 

J 

avers 

*•  —  v    famous 

omen 

^  1    luscious 

£_j> 

homes 

/        assiduous 

** 

hiatus 

P        suddenly 

L 

peon 

J        vainly 

/ 

duet 

quietly 

^ 

piano 

<-  i    homelier 

<£_ 

Zion 

seriously 

c_P 
/I 

Meyers 

<="~z'      strenuously 

^^p 

terrorize 

^        easily 

} 

idea 

^P        icily 

—*—£? 

coerced 

-I      morally 

-*s 

quietest 

f        verily 

44  TINUS    SHORTHAND 

WORD  SIGNS. 


necessary         establish         astonish         next         trust 

interest 


circumstantial        circumstance        hard        advantage 

_4i_  .........  ±r.  ...........................  f  ...........  .  ...........  2  ........................  ± 

always          when  apprehend          after          were 


a.  ...........  _  ........................  '  ...........  _ 


ordinary          happy          length          lengthen          held 


hold          strength          strong          ought          equal-ly 
whole 

x^, rr^r ..a - ffl 

along  among  sufficient  society 

language 

CONTRACTIONS, 


/  e~  ^\,^''  "? 

^  / 

suggestive       distinct       recollect       original       adopt 


TINUS    SHORTHAND  45 


adapt    strengthen     necessity     economic-al     stronger 


PHRASE  SIGNS  AND  PHRASES. 

^  «x*  J* 

at-first  etc.       Very-truly-yours 

ST  LOOP  PHRASES. 

It  and  to,  follow  is,  as,  and  has  so  frequently  that  it 
is  very  desirable  to  have  an  easy  method  of  represent- 
ing the  phrases.  This  is  accomplished  by  the  use  of 
the  st  loop  written  in  the  position  of  the  first  word. 
5  and  other  strokes  may  be  joined  to  these  phrase 
signs. 


c** 

as-it             has-it 
as-to           has-to 

0- 

is-it             as-it-is 
is-to           as-it-has 
as-to-his 

is-it-his 
is-to-his 

as-it-is-the 
as-it-has-the 

is-to-be                 as-it-has-been-the 
is-it  (to)  be 

46  TINUS    SHORTHAND 

SES  CIRCLE  PHRASES. 

Is,  his,  etc.,  also  words  beginning  with  s,  may  be 
joined  to  other  ^  wordsigns,  or  to  words  ending  with 
s}  by  writing  the  ses  circle. 

o  6 

is-as  as-has  has-as  this-is 

his-is  as-is  has-his 


as-has-the         as-has-been  in-this-city 

HE  JOINED  INITIALLY. 
He  may  be  joined  initially  as  a  hook. 

he-will  he-may  he-knows  he-was-not 

Us  is  represented  by  s  joined  when  following  such 
words  as,  for,  have,  etc. 

*>       ^      ..>...      J     JL    i±. 

o 

for-us      to-us      send-us      have-us      by-us      give-us 


TIN  US    SHORTHAND 


47 


EXERCISE  5. 


Read,  copy,  and  read  from  your  notes. 


1 


r 


£~~ 


\- 


*-  -      £ 


J=______^IL. 


;  ^-^/ 

-* x 


48  TINUS    SHORTHAND 

KXERCISE   6. 

Write  in  shorthand. 

We-ought  to-see-him  some-time  before-noon  today. 
Is-it  hard  enough,  and  has-it  sufficient  strength  to-be 
of-value  to-our  company  for-use  in-small  boilers?  I- 
can-give-you  a  decisive  answer  on-the  question  by 
eight  o'clock  tomorrow.  Can-you  give-us  their  names 
and  addresses  ?  He-owns  property  in-the  West,  which- 
is  rich  in  timber  and  various  ores.  Is-it  more  a 
case  of  necessity  than-of  desire?  What  do-you-know 
as-to-his  being  interested  in  establishing  new-homes 
for  the  homeless?  It-will-not-be-possible  for-us  to- 
give-you  our  final  answer  for-a-week.  You-will-finJ 
the  plan  not-only  original,  but  most  economical  and 
advantageous  as-well.  It-is-a  serious  case,  and  only 
the  most  earnest  care  will-be  of-any  avail  in-bringing 
about  a  sure  cure.  In-order  to-give  them  the  proper 
tests,  we-should  place-them  all  on  an  equal  basis.  I  - 
it  a  very  prosperous  country?  Are  prices  for  food 
higher  or  lower  there  than-they-are  in-this-country? 
They-were  among-the  pioneers  to-this-part  of-the 
country,  and  are-now-the  owners  of-several  thousand 
acres  of  very-good  land  in-this  state.  We-will  adopt 
the  plans  and  adapt  them  to-our  use. 


TIXUS    SHORTHAND  49 

LETTER  No.  2. 


Mr.  Owen  C.  Healey, 

Cheyenne,  Wyoming. 
Dear  Sir: 

\Ye-thank  you  for-your  price-list  which-was  received 
today.  We-are  very-much  interested  in-the  line-of 
goods  you-carry,  and  are  sending  in  a  small  order 
for-such  stock  as-we  can  use  at-this-time.  You-will- 
see  from  the  list  that-we  handle  nothing  but-the  very 
best  grades.  Your  prices  on-these  are-somewhat 
higher-than  those  of-several-other  houses,  yet  we-do- 


50  TINUS    SHORTHAND 

not  object  to-this,  if  the  goods  are-enough  better  so 
that-the  customer  will-be-satisfied  that-he-is  getting 
full  value  for-his-money. 

If  at-all-possible  get  this  bill-of  goods  to-us  by-the 
end-of-the-week.  We-would  appreciate  a  reply  stating 
just  when-the  order  will-be  shipped. 

Hoping  to-receive-an  early  response,  we  are. 
Yours-very-truly, 

Ernest  W.  Adams  &  Co. 


LESSON   FOUR. 


•F  AND  V  HOOK. 

A  small  final  hook  on  the  ^  side  of  all  strokes  is 
written  for  /  or  v.  S  following  this  hook  is  written 
within  the  hook. 

_2  ......................  L  _______  ......  _,  ...........................  a.  ____  ^-  .......  - 

wave  drive  move  brave         tough 


devoid          reprieve       devote          Davey          arrive 

* 


proven  .     approval  paves  achieves 

F  AND  V  HOOK  PHRASES. 

Have,  to-have  and  of,  may  be  represented  in  phrases 
by  this  hook. 

„  .................  ^..  .............................  >_  ......  _____________  .....  :±f  .......................  ^  ................... 

we-have  I-have  will-have         hope-to-have 


each-of  much-of-our 


52  TIN  US    SHORTHAND 

J  AND  GAY  HOOK. 

A  small  final  hook  opposite  the  ^  joining  is  written 
for  /  or  gay.  If  necessary,  for  technical  distinction, 
this  hook  may  be  shaded  for  gay.  When  s,  st  or  cst 
follows,  the  hook  may  be  closed. 


judge  jug  mortgage  wagon  arrange 

oblige  rug  emerges  majesty  ignore 

K  HOOK. 

A  large  final  hook  on  the  regular  side  (inside)  of 
r,  I,  k,  way,  and  on  the  irregular  side  (opposite  the  f 
and  v  hook)  of  n,  m,  t,  j,  b,  is  written  for  k,  as: 


r-k      1-k      k-k      way-k      n-k      m-k     t-k      j-k      b-k 


rake        makes        awoke        looked        takes        book 

THR  HOOK,  ETC. 

A  large  final  hook  on  /,  r  and  th,  and  on  the  upper 
side  of  n  and  m  is  written  for  the  syllable  thr.  Gay,  b, 
and  ivh  are  enlarged  to  add  thr.  • 


TINUS    SHORTHAND  53 

.................  -f  ..................  ;  _____  3  .......................  CJ  ............................  6  .......................  u  .....  -  ........ 

neither          mother         feather          thither          bother 

.......  ^  .......  ......  c>  ..................  f 

gather  whether  further         brother 

In  phrases  the  thr  hook  is  written  for   their,  there,  or 
thc\-are  on  /,  r  and  th. 

..................  <J  .......................................  J  ...................  ;  .....................  ^  .......................................... 

if-they-are  have-their  where-there-is 


alt  hough-there-is    whcther-there-is    whether-they-are-there 

There,  or  ///r/r,  may  be  added  to  large  hooks  open- 
ing upward  with  a  short  retraced  stroke  ;  to-haz'e-their, 
with  the  r  hook  and  retraced  stroke. 


for-they-are-there          if-they-are-there          like-their 


if-they-are-to-have-their  like-to-have-their 

LARGE    LOOP    PHRASES. 

There,  or  their,  may  be  added  to  the  ^  vvordsigns,  by 
extending  the  circle  to  a  large  loop  ;  written  on  the 


54  TINUS    SHORTHAND 

slant  of  chay.    Other  words  may  be  joined  to  the  large 
looo. 

...........  a  .........  -^  .....         -ifca  ......... 

is-there  as-there          has-their          as-there-is-no 


is-there-as  much  as-there-are 

In  phrases,  you  is  written  with  a  large  hook  before 
should,  would,  and  have.  It  is  written  on  the  line 
when  beginning  a  phrase  or  when  preceded  by  an  s 
wordsign. 

—i  4  4 

x  7  ......................  2 

if-you-should       for-you-would          do-you-have 
_    ^o  .......  -   /o  .......  .....  s~>  ....... 

*-  2         2 

you-should-not          you-would-be          you-have-been 

—  Jf\.    .  Tf\ 

2  2 

as-you-have-not  and-as-you-have-it 

For  convenience  in  joining,  them,  then,  and  their, 
may  be  reversed  in  many  common  phrases. 

......  ;  .............  ~1  .....  ~^ 

show-them         found-them         judge-them         if-then 


TINUS    SHORTHAND  55 


3 


give-their      make-their      regard-their      neglect-their 

B  becomes  a  hook  when  following  p,  d,  chay,  and 
ish. 


pebble  daub     chubby  shabby   double 


56 


6. 


TIN  US    SHORTHAND 
WORD   PRACTICE. 


cave 

deserve 

rough 

arrival 

serve 

^  "     prevalence 

starve 

a—-      major 

cover 

a-°     margins 

raves 

engines 

coffee 

revenge 

devout  • 

>-^     magic 

derives 

>^~    mortgagee 

deafness 

^~*     emergency 

swerves 

*—  -y        damage 

observe 

y      manage 

approves 

<         energy 

defy 

—  3_<?      injures 

abbreviate 

>  —  ^      legitimate 

drives 

C^—  D     oranges 

thrives 

*         dredges 

TIXUS    SHORTHAND 


57 


C/1-0 


tugs 

•x  —  -y      ambiguous 

gags 

^-^      like 

bargains 

.  ^       lucky 

legacy 

G  —  -,       smoke 

negative 

/^b         quake 

luggage 

>__?         locates 

baggage 

t  x    curriculum 

fatigue 

'c         jokes 

delegates 

<  —  ""?      embark 

humbugs 

^^  —      taken 

megaphone 

^    links 

magazine 

o  —  O      smother 

smugglers 

whither 

jugular 

c)-        father 

engage 

/^       debar 

juggler 

(j.  p     problems 

ignorance 

(p          probes 

negotiate 

/           shrubs 

58  TINUS    SHORTHAND 

WORD  PRACTICE  REVIEW. 

Write  in  shorthand  and  give  to  the  teacher  for  cor- 
rection or  approval. 


1  leave 

2  reserve 

3  edify 

4  defense 

5  puffs 

6  thieves 

7  drivers 

8  divorcee 

9  mastiff 

10  approved 

11  privilege 

12  drudge 

13  charges 

14  emerge 

15  range 

16  granger 

17  managers 

18  stringency 

19  lounge 

20  passenger 

21  diligence 

22  league 


23  legal 

24  rogue 

25  legatee 

26  nuggets 

27  negligible 

28  rugs 

29  bakes 

30  balk 

31  became 

32  cocaine 

33  likewise 

34  jocular 

35  leak 

36  earthquake 

37  wreck 

38  sink 

39  unique 

40  meekly 

41  quickly 

42  cookey 

43  farther 

44  drab 


TINUS    SHORTHAND  59 

WORD  SIGNS. 


refer  differ  deliver  never  evidence 

reference  difference  involve         evident 


improve  manufacture  difficult  advertise 

improvement 

............  ....a  ...........  .................  6...  .......................  C  ...........................  .v.  ...................  Z3. 

awful          public         probable         every         neglect 
publish 


knowledge       England       negligence       regret       large 


regular         together         danger         above         imagine 
regard 


singular      correct      telephone      telegraph      majority 
CONTRACTIONS. 

±±f  ............  V  .......  3L 

C 

nevertheless       respective        republic       capable 


60 


respectful-ly       representative       objective       become 

_£  .........  .  .................  7  ............................  ^  ............  „  ............  ^  .............. 

individual       indifferent     acknowledge     develop-ment 
V—  ^  s  y 

.......  ts  ...... 

everywhere        everybody        telegrapher        telegram 
PHRASE  SIGNS  AND   PHRASES. 


set-off        set-forth         do-you-think         did-you-think 


/  / 

f r 


if-you-think         would-you-think         should-you-think 


take-pleasure         on-either-hand          rather-than 


Respect  fully-y  ours          Yours-respectfully 

Very-respect  fully  Very-respect  fully-yours 


TIXUS    SHORTHAND  61 

EXERCISE  7. 

Read,  copy,  and  read  from  your  notes. 

->      o     c .  /    _^_        .      ^       ~7      <  ,_^,     „       _, 


/ 


•  S 

- 


62  «    TINUS    SHORTHAND 

EXERCISE  8. 

Write  in  shorthand. 

Do-you  advertise  in-any  of-the  dailies?  He-is-a 
capable  young-man  and  regular  in-his  habits.  We- 
beg  to-inform-you  that-all  of-our  prices  are  subject 
to-change  without  notice.  He-seems  very  indifferent 
about-his  studies.  I  regard-the  question,  to-which- 
you  refer,  as-one  of  special  interest  to-the  public.  His 
development  is  very  slow,  nevertheless  he-makes  some 
improvement  each  day.  The  goods  were-all  manufac- 
tured in  America.  If-you  think  it-would-be-well  to- 
see-them  sometime-soon,  we-will-send  our  representa- 
tive over  to-call  on  them.  We-have  just  received  ad- 
vice from  the  manufacturers  that-your  goods  will-be 
shipped  at-once.  You-cannot  achieve  success  unless- 
you  devote  your-time  to-careful  study  of-the  subject 
in  hand.  As-there-seems-to-be  no-way  in-which  we 
can-be  of  assistance  to-them,  it-would-be-better  for-us 
to-leave  at-once.  We-would  thank  you  to-give-us-an 
idea  as-to  what  you  think  would-be  a  reasonable  price 
for  his  services.  It-will-prove  a-great-advantage  to- 
any-of-you  to-possess  a  knowledge  of-this  system-of 
shorthand.  It-would  probably  cost  twice  as-much  to- 
have-it  delivered  at-our-place  by-one  of-their  men. 
This  firm  informed  us  several-weeks-ago  that-they 
would-like-to-have-their  goods  delivered  before  noon 
every  day.  I-know  they-are  anxious  to-have-us  give 


TINUS    SHORTHAND  63 

their  special  blast  furnace  coke-a  trial;  so  if-they-are 
willing  to-deliver-us  a-fcw-cars  along  about-the  end-of- 
this  month,  we-will  take-them  at-the  market  price  then 
prevailing.  Surely  you-would-be-willing  to-give  some- 
thing for-such-a  worthy  cause.  You-have-had  many 
opportunities  offered  you  in-years  past,  but  you-have- 
simply  neglected  to-take-advantage-of-them.  Do-you- 
know  whether-there-are  any  more  copies  left  of-the  last 
issue  of-our  magazine?  For-some-years,  it-has-been 
my-object  to-gather-together  specimens  of-all-the  old- 
books  on-this-subject  that  I-could-possibly  find,  and  I- 
now-have  in  my-home  several  thousand  volumes,  many 
of-which-are  very  rare,  and  can-not-be  duplicated  at- 
any  price.  The  negligence  of  others  causes  danger 
everywhere.  The  telegraph  companies  do-not  allow 
telegraphers  to-deliver  telegrams  by  telephone. 

LETTER  No.  3. 


-r-^9 •£?• 


../?:.._.  ^ ..  j.  ...^    (...>.. 


•^&-   '    '  £p" 


J. 


TIN  US    SHORTHAND 


f 


]\Ir.  P.  V.  Grossman,  Baggage  Master, 

Council  Bluffs,  Iowa. 
Dear  Sir: 

I-am  taking  this  opportunity  to-correspond  with  you 
regarding  some  baggage  which-has-been  either  delayed 
or-lost  on  your  road  somewhere  between  Council- 
Bluffs  and  this  city.  The  baggage  referred  to  was  put 
on-the  cars  at-the  above-named  place,  on-the-morning 
of  May  15,  and  should-have  reached-here  the  following 
day.  It-has-not  arrived,  and  since  it-is-my-desire  to- 
leave  for  the  South  early  the  coming  week,  I-am  anx- 
ious to-locate-this  baggage  without  unnecessary  delay. 

The  goods  in-question  are  an  ordinary  leather 
sample  case,  and-a  heavy  steamer  trunk.  Both  pieces 
were  new  ami-had  my  initials,  H.  G.  K.,  also  my-ad- 
dress,  plainly  marked  on-the  end-of-each. 

I-trust  you-will   take   the   steps  necessary   to-learn- 


TfXUS    SHORTHAND  65 

the  cause  of-delay,  and  that  said  baggage  will-be  de- 
livered  tome   in-good   order   at-the   earliest   possible 

time. 

Very-respectfully. 

Harry  G.  Kramer. 


LESSON   FIVE. 


RE,     CER,     EX,     SUB. 

A  small  hook  at  the  beginning  and  on  the  under  side 
of  t,  j,  n  and  m  is  written  for  the  syllable  re;  and  a 
small  circle  in  the  same  place  is  written  for  ccr,  sur, 
etc.,  at  the  beginning  of  words  only.  They  may,  how- 
ever, be  preceded  by  a  negative  prefix  as,  in,  un,  etc. 


rejoice       rejudge       retouch       remain       unremoved 


certain  surmised  sermons  surgeon 


The  small  re  hook  may  be  used  to  advantage  on  d 
and  chay,  when  the  following  syllable  begins  with  a 
consonant. 


^  /.  7  f.. 

7  ..........  f 


roads          reduce          readers          redress          recharge 


TINUS    SHORTHAND  67 

Re  is  expressed  with  r  when  followed  by  a  prefix 
other  than  in  or  int. 


re-adjust  re-affirm  re-engage  reinstate 

Es  is  written  for  ex,  and  su  for  sub,  at  the  beginning 
of  outlines  ;  both  may  be  combined  with  negative  pre- 
fixes the  same  as  re. 


examine       exchange      exceed       exercise       excessive 


unexpressed      submerge      submissive      sub-kingdom 

SHUN.  ' 

The  syllables  tion,  sion,  cion,  dan,  etc.,  pronounced 
shun,  are  written  with  the  reduced  ish.  S,  I,  r,  st,  ing, 
etc.,  may  follow,  as  on  simple  strokes.  Enlarge  the  a 
hook  to.  represent  ia,  ua,  etc.,  preceding  shun. 

Tial,  cial,  are  expressed  by  the  same  reduced  ish, 
which  reduction  also  adds  /. 


nation          station          attention          emotion      oration 


creation  legation          co-operation 


68  TINUS    SHORTHAND 


4- 


session          affirmation          physician         possessions 
national          rationally          supervision          petitioner 


negotiations      revolutionists      mentioning      financial 
dent,  tient  are  expressed  with  shn-t. 


proficient  ancient  patient 

The  vowel  preceding  ble  may  be  frequently  omitted. 

4_  .....................  _...4_  ..........  _  .............  £  ...............  ................  ^  ..........  .  ........  -.-.. 

chargeable       desirable        passable        favorable 

COX  A^D  JXGS. 


A  small  dot  at  the  beginning  and  exactly  in  front  of 
the  first  stroke  in  an  outline  is  written  for  the  prefix 
syllables  con,  com,  or  cog. 

A  large  dot  placed  in  the  ing  position  is  written  for 
the  ending  ings. 

•a  —  •  ._c  _ 


consign  commune  conform  cognomen 


TINUS    SHORTHAND 


69 


savings 


shavings  happenings  misdoings 


The  syllable  ling  may  be  represented  by  a  small  dot 
written  after  and  at  the  end  of  the  stroke ;  lings  by  a 
large  dot. 


stumbling          sparkling          dumplings          weaklings 

In  the   following  and   similar   frequently   recurring 
words,  the  con  dot  may  be  omitted. 


concern          committee          complete          compensate 


/ 


condition       commerce      consideration      conversation 

WORDS  IX  IXG  POSITION. 

Ing-thc,  ing-a,  ing-you,  ing-his,  etc.,  may  be  most 
conveniently  expressed  by  writing  the  word  following 
ing  in  the  ing  position. 

In  like  manner  ing-their  may  be  expressed  with  a 
minute  semi-circle,  opened  upward ;  and  ing-away  with 
the  same  sign  inverted.  Ing-us  is  written  the  same  as 
ing-his. 


70  TINUS    SHORTHAND 


having-the       assuming-a       mailing-you       paying-us 


changing-their     knowing-their       taking-away      naming-his 

.     IXGLY. 

Ingly  is  expressed  with  i  written  close  to  the  end 
of  the  last  stroke. 


knowingly         willingly         exceedingly        amazingly 


ZL 


TIN  US    SHORTHAND 
WORD  PRACTICE. 


71 


retain 

exemplified 

remove 

—  *      sublease 

remorseful 

3~-^—      subsoil 

renounced 

subsistence 

surround 

f~     submarine 

surmise 

3—7 

ascension 

surges 

d"~/        assertion 

redraw 

5-7        assassination 

redeem 

invitation 

re-enforced 

7       omission 

re-assure 

institution 

re-embark 

^7          deviation 

reimbursed 
express 
expensive 

affiliation 
7          variation 
Cj          expiration 

explain 

>           formation 

expire 

e  -^    emancipation 

72                    TIN  I 

r^    SHORTHAND 

y           opposition 

<  —  *       professional 

h          initiation 

apportion 

/           devotion 

i_  #»      nationalists 

^~*          exertions 

symbolizatinns 

J          portions 

1            conditionally 

9  —  -7       assumption 

21          presidential 

y           foundation 

deferential 

~ty         association 

^7          -ubstantial 

2      mansions 

'         initial 

"^"9         causation 

assignable 

*""*—*      coercion 

of        suitable 

application 

0  —  •</     salable 

^         feasible 

f          suppositions 

Q     '       conceal 

auctioneer 

• 

excision 

<—£>        conveyance 

taxation 

commence 

•^~J        caution 

/          conduce 

7 

£             additional 

°         commissioners 

TINUS    SHORTHAND 


73 


X         comprehensive 

^—  -^->     working-a 

cognizance 

*—""       erasing-his 

—  •>      wrangling 

•~~-j         cashing-his 

openings 

(—0*    placing-their 

V 

X 

icings 

\         throwing-away 

teachings 

v.  ^       lovingly 

shortcomings 

rejoicingly 

5            whippings 

ff         disapprovingly 

missing-the 

>~r         unknowingly 

i          paying-the 

obligingly 

waving-a 

beamingly 

*    '       leaving-you 

unhesitatingly 

74 


TINUS    SHORTHAND 


WORD   PRACTICE   REVIEW. 


Write  in  shorthand  and  give  to  the  teacher  for  cor- 
rection or  approval. 


1  redivide 

2  renounce 

3  re-employ 

4  re-embraced 

5  surname 
.6  expose 

7  excite 

8  exchanged 

9  sublime 

10  subsist 

11  subside 

12  reflection 

13  affliction 

14  affirmation 

15  distinctions 

16  actions 

17  emission 

18  positions 

19  cohesion 

20  raisable 


21  reasonable 

22  plausible 

23  influential 

24  competence 

25  compare 

26  conspire 

27  concession 

28  confiscation 

29  ravings 

30  rulings' 

31  filings 

32  stripling 

33  investing-their 

34  raising-his 

35  sending-you 

36  doing-away 

37  shockingly 

38  strikingly 

39  surprisingly 

40  unceasingly 


TINUS    SHORTHAND 


COMPOUND  WORDS. 


75 


Many  compound  words  may  be  formed  by  joining 
the  outlines  of  the  simple  words.  Occasionally  a  slight 
variation  in  outline  may  be  necessary,  in  order  to  facili- 
tate the  writing  and  give  distinction  to  the  form. 


JL 


although 

**       thereby 

anything 

j       therefore 

anywhere 

therein 

beforehand 

thereon 

elsewhere 

thereto 

nowhere 

*        thereupon 

otherwise 

(        therewith 

overcome 

)/       throughout 

somehow 

j        forever 

something 

hereafter 

sometime 

hereby 

>. 

somewhat 

hereon 

somewhere 

(         herewith 

thereafter 

—  i      moreover 

thereat 

v?       undergo 

76  TIN  US    SHORTHAND 

1  _  underhand  y        wherefore 

Y~  understood  wherein 

^  understand  ^        whereof 

v  • 

yj  undertake  £-      whereon 
whatever  wherever 


c 

^"7        whenever  «  —  -    withheld 

&         whereas  <»  _  ^    withhold 

In  the  following  list  of  compound  words,  here  is 
expressed  with  the  e  hook;  after,  fore  and  ever  with 
the  v  hook  ;  by  with  i;  jotfwr  with  sv;  and  one  with  «. 


any0ne  y^  howsoever 

everyone  °  -  some  one 

,        .  <f  whatsoever 

herein  .y 

hereinafter  ^  whensoever 

hereinbefore  ^  ^"by 

.  /  wheresoever 

hereunto  X 

^  whichever 
hereto 

heretofore  I,  whoever 

hereat  whosoever 


TIN  US    SHORTHAND  77 

CONTRACTIONS. 


generation  generalization        representation 

L. 


v  SK    ...... 

......  r 

expectation        exception        satisfaction        suggestion 
o^f  ^^ 

?°  ...*>      ........... 

r         fi 

situation        recollection        acceptation        acceptance 

£_  >?.         .....  >?  ............  )Q  ..............  L.... 

r  i  r 

certificate       except       accept       exasperate       especial 

t  ....................  .  .............................  ^  ...........................  r=  ..................  =  ....... 

expect         extra        ascertain         remember         remark 

EXERCISE   9. 
Read,  copy,  and  read  from  your  notes. 

*    ,  S-^  J, 

jC_fe_J6s^^^e*=S»»L._ 


f 

-f  , 


78  TINUS    SHORTHAND 


LJl,           o         '  —  '  /,  • 

^?>    ; 

-f  9 

*" 

*s 

x  y  • 

/ 

-JLjJ.  ^...,  t-r±T±_ 

5^.y. 

/..,- 

7( 

.  ~  /..*  i^z.*/...6!^ 

>  —  < 
<*- 

'•  —  7  a—  • 

^  —  '<; 

*•   ,,  —^ 

/         o^      <, 

c  ,  . 

<^ 

*,  z-  .  "  --   ^  .  rlrl  ^  u 

^^ 'V - ij *• 


........f^.^...> :....,....f..         ..^ 


EXERCISE  10. 

Write  in  Shorthand. 

We-expect  to-remain  only  a-few-days.  If -we 
return-the  goods  at-once,  they  will  exchange-them. 
\Ye-shall  expect  to  hear-from-you  at-once,  regarding- 
the  exchange.  He-is  certainly  a-very  ambitious  young- 
man.-  His  brief  remarks  caused  many  people  to- 
re joice.  This  can-be-brought  about  only  by-doing- 
away  with  all-trie  various  commissions  which  we-have 
been  allowing-their  house  on-these  orders.  Many  of- 
the  men  \vho-have-been  out-of  work  for-some-time 


TINUS    SHORTHAND  79 

have-been  re-employed,  and  are-now  holding-their 
regular  positions  as-usual.  I-do-not-believe  that-he- 
would  knowingly  do  that  which-is-wrong.  The  wran- 
gling among-the  attorneys,  concerning  certain  an- 
swers given  by-one  of-the  witnesses  for  the  state, 
proved  exceedingly  embarrassing  to-the  prosecution. 
They-have-all-been  exchanged.  He-is  certain  that- 
the  motion  will  carry.  We-must  redraw  the 
design,  also  reduce-the  price  somewhat,  other- 
wise it-will-not-be  accepted  by-the  committee. 
We-desire  to-ascertain,  if-possible,  what-these  varia- 
tions are,  and  how-they  may-be  corrected.  His 
teachings  have-had-a  remarkable  influence  for-good 
among  all  classes-of  people.  Your-suggestion  is  with- 
out exception  the  best  that-we-have  received ;  yet 
would-it-be  advisable  for-us  to-take  any  action  what- 
soever at-this-particular  time?  It-certainly  is-not 
a-very  desirable  piece-of  property,  and  I-do-not  under- 
stand why-they  should-care  particularly  to-have-it. 
We-expect  to-return  to-the-city  tomorrow.  At-the 
close  of-his  sermon  this-morning,  the  preacher  referred 
to-the  good  work  that-is  being  done  in  both-our  home 
and  foreign  missions.  They-have-been  paying-us  a- 
good  commission  on-all-orders  placed  with-them,  thus 
far,  and  this-should-be  given  due  consideration  when 
deciding  as-to  what  changes  we-will-make  in-this- 
regard.  We-will  take  pleasure  in  exchanging-the  goods 
for-you  if-you-will  return-them  at-once.  They-were 


80  TINUS    SHORTHAND 

cashing-their  checks,  and  paying-their  various  bills 
with-the-money  they  received.  I-hope  he-will  explain- 
their  methods-of  doing-the  work.  Several  of-the  em- 
ployes were-nearly  overcome  by-the  smoke.  Hereafter 
we-shall  expect-you  to-call-us-up  whenever  you-are-in- 
the-city.  Nowhere-else  did  we  do  so  large-a  volume 
of-business  in-so-short-a-time  as-we-have  done  since 
coming  here.  They  withheld-their  reply  for-several- 
weeks,  thereby  depriving-us  of-any  opportunity  to-bid 
on-the  property ;  and  it-was  finally  sold  to-a  party 
from  somewhere  in-the-West,  for-something  like  half 
what  it-would-have-brought  a  year  ago.  Everybody 
will  remember-his  remarks  regarding-the  situation. 

LETTER  No.  4. 


— <* *• 


TIN  US    SHORTHAND  81 


Mr.  Emerson  P.  Bowers, 
Saginaw,  Mich. 
Dear  Sir: 

This  is-to  inform-you  that-our  representative  will-be 
in  your-city  on-the  15th  of-the  month,  and  while-there 
would  appreciate  a  brief  conference  with-some  mem- 
ber of-your  firm,  with-a  view  to-having-you  put  in  a 
stock-of-our  goods.  We-expect  him  to-remain-there 
only  a-short-time,  and  therefore  would-like-to-have 
you  set-a-time  when  it-would-be-most  satisfactory  to- 
you  to-see-him.  It-may-be-of  interest  to-you  to-know 


82  TINUS    SHORTHAND 

that-our  sales  during-the  past  season  have  greatly  ex- 
ceeded those  of-any  previous  year.  This-would  at- 
least  suggest  that-our  goods  are-all  that-we  claim 
for-them,  and  that-our-prices  are-satisfactory. 

We-are-selling  to-a-number-of  houses  in  your- 
section  of-the  country,  and  would-be  greatly  pleased 
to-open  an  account  with  you.  Remember  we-make-no 
extra  charge  for  packing,  or-for  drayage.  All  goods 
are  delivered  on-board-the  cars  here,  without  expense 
to-you  other-than  first  cost. 

We-desire  also  at-this-time  to-mention  that-we  allow 
a  small  reduction  on-all  initial  orders  of  reasonable 
size.  We-do  this  in-order  to-get-an  opportunity  to- 
prove-the  value  of-our  goods. 

We-feel  certain  that  with-a  choice  stock-of-our 
goods  on  your  shelves,  you-will-be-able  to-successfully 
combat  any  competition  you-may-have ;  therefore,  we- 
hope  to-receive-a  favorable  response,  also  to-have  the 
pleasure  of-selling-you  a  nice  order  when-our  repre- 
sentative calls. 

Thanking-you  in-advance  for  any  favors;  we  remain 
Yours-very-truly, 

The  R.  P.  Davis  Mfg.  Co. 


LESSON  SIX. 


COMBINED  STROKES. 

While  in  this  system  of  shorthand  each  individual 
stroke  has  been  assigned  the  greatest  possible  phonetic 
value,  the  combined  strokes  not  only  greatly  reduce  the 
length  of  the  outlines,  but  add  unusual  facility  in  their 
execution. 

Curve  the  simple  strokes,  t,  j,  d,  m,  inp;  also  curve 
tn,  jn,  dn,  mn,  to  add  the  sound  of  t  or  d. 

X  and  t,  joined  without  an  angle,  is  written  for  nt 
or  nd. 

Shade  for  r,  when  it  can  be  done  to  advantage. 


tt 
td 

s~ 

jt 
jd 

dt 
dd 

/ 

mt 
md 

„  

mpt 
mbd 

•7F-  
Dund 

tnt 
tnd 

....    <£ 

jnt 
jnd 

dnt 
dnd 

I 

mnt 
mnd 

nt 
nd 

£r^  

taught 

jet 

edit 

made 

prompt     asti 

84  TINUS    SHORTHAND 


tendency       agent       president       demand       prevents 


genteel       abandoned      tighter       matter      promoters 

The  syllables,  re,  ccr,  ex,  and  sub;  also  con,  ing,  etc., 
are  written  to  combined  strokes,  the  same  as  to  the 
simple  strokes  from  which  they  are  derived. 


remittance     surmount     sergeant     rejoinder     submit 


exempt     subjoined     extending     commend     meetings 

ADDING   T  AND  D. 

Lower  the  ends  of  r,  k,  and  /,  to  add  the  sound  of  t; 
also  to  add  the  sound  of  d,  in  words  of  more  than  one 
syllable.  These  strokes  may  be  shaded  for  r,  before  or 
after  the  added  t  or  d. 

The  past  tense  of  many  words  is  formed  under  this 
rule. 

v_  ,  s  V2_ 

_ _ C^X ^ / •Vr^..__J, 

right         act         fact         educate         results         exert 


TIN  US    SHORTHAND  85 

reciprocate       ready       court       accordance       pictures 


directors      occurred      covered      centered      ventured 

POSITIVE   AND   NEGATIVE   WORDS. 

The  syllables  in,  tin,  im,  etc.,  expressing  the  negative 
forms  of  words,  may  be  written  as  is  most  convenient, 
with  either  the  vowel  or  consonant  stroke  joined  to  the 
outline  for  the  positive  form.  This  rule  applies  also 
to  wordsigns  and  contractions. 


known      unknown      modest      immodest      unnoticed 


immoderate    impure    unsold    insincere  *  unnecessary 


unsatisfactory  uninteresting  irrespective 

When  a  better  or  more  distinct  joining  can  be  ef- 
fected, the  position  vowel  may  be  written. 


record          baker          vapor          nominally     reaction 


86  TINUS    SHORTHAND 


enamored  origin  intimate  liquidation 

In  some  words,  strokes  may  be  reduced  to  add  /,  by 
including  in  the  outline  the  vowel  immediately  follow- 
ing. 


relate  relax  clannish  flavor  client 


clean  pledge  relief  relevant  reliance 

In  a  few  cases,  to  prevent  carrying  the  outline  too 
far  below  the  writing  line,  to,  too,  or  to-thc  should  be 
written. 

to  unite         too  general         to  the  agent       to  deliver 

R  may  be  omitted  before  n  and  m,  by  including  the 
position  vowel  e  after  /  and  /. 


term          terminal          germ          German          journal 

Mp  may  be  lengthened  to  add  /  or  n  in  a  few  words 
similar  to  the  following: 


employers   exemplified   campaigns   contemporaneous 


TIXUS    SHORTHAND 


87 


WORD  PRACTICE. 


7 


tempt 

minds 

aged 

£-a  —  N.   approximate 

date 

£  —      pumped 

potent 

/^-^      tutor 

attend 

/        students 

potentate 

6 

twitter 

total 

'         Dwight 

joints 

V"'        pretending 

diameter 

7 

^    v"~°     admittance 

indict 

/5~         consistent 

appetite 

comment 

presents 

c       -     remained 

note 

^         competitor 

dividends 

prejudice 

creditors 

agitation 

might 

/2o       indebtedness 

remit 

~7       undoubtedly 

V 

n 

acts 

*S         unnatural 

^ 

ruddy 

"2^        unpleasant 

-2s 

deduct 
affect 

6-^       indefinite 
^         inadequate 

"— 

later 

u  —  N       .immature 

^-=»^ 

'    legislature 

-t^x/         calendar 

^ 

endeavored 

religion 

^ 

accrued 

"f^^       college 

^ 

perfect 

~7           clash 

•< 

confiscate 

clearances 

s 

fluctuation 

liquor 

> 

affectation 

^^-\        broker 

v— 

writings 

<  —         plain 

"^^ 

irresistible 

terminus 

—  1 

immaterially 

^     '       Germania 

^^< 

illiteracy 

•'^^          adjourn 

r 

uninspired 

v~t  re-employ 

i  —  '/ 

unimproved 

assemblage 

TINUS    SHORTHAND 


89 


WORD   PRACTICE   REVIEW. 

Write  in  shorthand  and  give  to  the  teacher  for  cor- 
rection or  approval. 


1  doubt 

2  titles 

3  jets 

4  night 

5  recent 

6  bound 

7  resident 

8  retaught 

9  camped 

10  mate 

11  amount 

12  premeditate 

13  remind 

14  portends 

15  enact 

16  detect 

17  resolute 

18  directs 

19  wrote 

20  writer 

21  vegetation 

22  entered 

23  factors 

24  recovered 


25  asked 

26  defect 

27  reflect 

28  erect 

29  illegal 

30  illiterate 

31  improper 

32  impassive 

33  imprudent 

34  insecure 

35  indiscreet 

36  inaccuracy 

37  OTiimportant 

38  unimpressed 

39  unpopular 

40  unauthorized 

41  unwholesome 

42  planet 

43  plum 

44  plates 

45  plush 

46  clutch 

47  clamor 

48  journalist 


90  TINUS    SHORTHAND 

COLLOQUIAL  CONTRACTIONS. 

These  contractions  are  not  used  in  carefully  written 
English.  However,  they  occur  frequently  in  court 
testimony  and  should  be  shown  in  the  transcript. 

The  contracted  form  for  not  is  written  with  nt;  all 
others  are  distinguished  by  placing  a  short  dash  above 
the  outline  for  the  uncontracted  form. 


can't 

couldn't 

didn't 

don't 

doesn't 

hadn't 

hasn't 

haven't 

isn't 


shouldn't 

wasn't 

wouldn't 

I'm 

we'll 

you'll 
they're 
we're 
you're 


DAYS   OF  THE  WEEK  AND   TIME   REFERENCES. 


°— r        Sunday 
7     Monday 


^        Tuesday 
j          Wednesday 


"7 

/ 


TIN  US    SHORTHAND 
4, 


91 


Thursday 
Friday 
Saturday 
Sunday  morning 
Monday  forenoon 
Tuesday  noon 


Wednesday   after- 
-f  noon 

f1         Thursday  evening 

/X       Friday  night 
^/        yesterday 
today 

/^       tonight 

tomorrow 
tomorrow  morning 

_^^/     tomorrow  night 

f 

°  this  morning 

J^         this  forenoon 
7        this  afternoon 


this   evening 
this  week 
this  month 
this  year 
• — a— '    last  year 
— * — 7  last  month 
— JL~^     last  week 
• — ^»       last  evening 
— ^    last   night 

next  morning 
I          next  day 

next  week 
L  next  month 
next   year 
next  time 
instant 
•ultimo 
C-& proximo 


92 


TINUS    SHORTHAND 

MONTHS  AX  I)  SEASONS. 


„      January 
v      February 


-  May 


f  June 


<r     July 
,,       August 


c. 


—7    March  <u       September 

f     April  *TN      October 


spring 
summer 
autumn 
winter 


November 
December 


WORD   SIGNS   AND   CONTRACTIONS. 


gentlemen        gentleman        into        unto        inhabitant 

hundred 

/ 

identify          went  want          accident  already 

identical-ly 

heard      world      little      immediate-ly      United  States 
PHRASE  SIGNS  AND  PHRASES. 

at-it  at-hand  to-it  to-hand  in-it 

to-do 

know-it  knew-it  at-all-times  at-any-rate 


TIXUS    SHORTHAND 

EXERCISE  11. 
Read,  copy,  and  read  from  your  notes. 


93 


Jt~£. 


Wj 


/ 

•  x 


.', ...v^/A 


4. 


94  TIN  US    SHORTHAND 


EXERCISE   12. 
Write  in  shorthand. 

Accept  our  thanks  for-your  promptness.  They-have 
proved  to-be  very  useful.  Please-let-us-know,  imme- 
diately, what  your  wishes-are  in-the-matter.  We- 
hereby  return  your  remittance  of  recent-date,  as-there- 
is-an  error  in-the  deductions.  Enclosed  herewith 
please-find  check  for  $8.25,  payable  to-the-order  of-the 
company.  Can-you  arrange-matters  to-the-satisfaction 
of-all  parties  concerned?  The  gentleman  asked-us  to- 
have-it  delivered  at-once,  if  possible.  It-should-not-be 
difficult  to  convince-you  that-they-are  worth-the  money 
we-are  asking  for-them.  The  conditions  expressed  in 
your  report  are  unsatisfactory,  and  cannot  be  consid- 
ered by-us.  We  guarantee  satisfaction.  It-seems  very- 
much  out-of  proportion.  They  claim  a  shortage  of- 
several  pounds  on-their  last  shipment  of-ore.  Many 
important  facts  that-are  common  knowledge  to-day, 
were  entirely  unknown  only  a- few-years  ago.  We 
wanted  them  sent  over  to-our-office  as-soon-as-they- 
were  ready.  WThat  rate-of-interest  do-you  charge  in- 
such-cases?  Please-let-us-hear-from-you  soon.  The 


TJX  US    SHORTHAXD  95 

administration  will  vigorously  prosecute  all  offending 
parties,  whether-they  be  rich  or-poor.  The  paper  is 
published  regularly,  but-is  delivered  at  irregular  peri- 
ods. That  isn't-the  preparation  you  asked  for.  Isn't 
it  true  that  he-wasn't-there  at-all?  Hadn't  you-been- 
there  once  before?  Doesn't  he-work  for  the  company 
now  ?  Didn't  you-see  either-of-them  before-they  went- 
there?  You're  certain  about-that?  You  couldn't  say 
as-to-that  ?  No-sir,  I  wouldn't  be-sure  about-it.  Don't 
you-know-whether-he-was-there  at-all-or-not  ?  He- 
hasn't  been-there  at-all. 

LETTER  No.  5. 


96 


TINUS    SHORTHAND 


Smith  Brothers  Co., 

Emporia,  Kansas. 
Gentlemen : 

Your-letter  of-recent-date,  with  remittance  for 
amount-of-your  bill,  was-duly  received,  and-the  same- 
has-been  credited  to-your  account  on-our-books.  \Ye- 
thank  you  for-your  promptness,  and  herewith  return- 
the  receipted  bill. 

We-note  that-there-is-a  growing  tendency  among-the 
merchants,  in-all-parts  of-the  country,  to-place'-their 
orders  through  local  agents ;  therefore  we-expect,  soon, 
to-establish  agencies  in-various  large  cities  throughout- 
the-United-States,  and  especially  in-sections  where-the 
demand  for-our  goods  has  greatly  increased  during-the 
past-few-years. 

It-has  occurred  to-us  that  possibly  you-would-like 
to-consider-a  proposition  from-us  to-act-as-our  agent, 
if-satisfactory  terms  were  offered  you.  If-so,  write-us 


TINUS    SHORTHAND  97 

at-oncc,  upon  receipt-of-this-letter,  and  we-will-have  a 
representative  call  on  you  and  arrange  all  details  con- 
cerning such-an  agency ;  also  furnish-you  with-such- 
material  as-\vill-be-necessary  to-successfully  carry  on- 
the-\vork  at-the  outset.  Other  material  will-be-sent  as- 
it-is  needed. 

\Ye-believe  that,  as-our-agent,  you-could  do  most  ex- 
cellent work ;  and,  inasmuch-as  June,  July  and  August 
are-among-the  best  months  in-the-year  for-our-line, 
we-trust  you-\vill-favor-us  with-a  response  at-the  ear- 
liest convenient  time. 

Respectfully-your?. 

Louis  W.   Powell  &  Co. 


LESSON  SEVEN. 


ABBREVIATING  EXPEDIENTS. 

Syllables  and  words  represented  by  hooks,  loops,  and 
shading. 

In  lesson  four  the  student  was  instructed  to 
represent  have,  to-haze,  and  of  by  the  v  hook  ;  also  to 
express  their,  there,  and  thcy-arc,  with  the  thr  hook. 
This  principle  of  abbreviation  is  now  carried  still  fur- 
ther, and  as  all  final  hooks  are  consonants,  they  may, 
under  certain  conditions,  represent  syllables,  as  well 
as  letters  or  words. 

Ful  may  be  expressed  with  the  /  hook.  The  context 
will  always  determine  whether  the  hook  represents  a 
syllable  or  a  word. 


joyful          careful          lawful          helpful          doubtful 
Ire  may  be  expressed  with  the  i'  hook. 

r 

active        relative        native        collective.       attentive 


TIN  US    SHORTHA$£p-  -  99 

'     VfYER 

r-  /.'AS 

a f?.. _i__ 


motive  subjective  descriptive  tentative 

Of   may  be  joined  as  a  hook  when  convenient. 


of-our  of-all-such         of-my  of-it  ' 

^//7,  in  compounds,  may  be  expressed  by  the  o  hook, 
on  words  written  in  the  second  position. 

almost  always  altogether  almost-ready  almost-always 


So,  in  phrasing  with  m  and  ng,  is  joined  the  same  as 
the  o  hook. 


so-much        so-many        so-long-as        not-so-much-as 

Giie,  go,  and  glad  may  be  expressed  with  the  gay 
hook  in  many  common  phrases.  Can  with  the  k  hook 
on  we  and  it. 


we-will-give-you        will-go-forward          we-can 


would-be-glad-to-have-you  it-can-never 


100  TINUS    SHORTHAND 

Pleased  may  be  expressed  with  the  st  loop  when 
phrased  after  be. 


will-be-pleased  should-be-pleased-to-have 


we-will-be-pleased-to-have-your 
Or  may  be  indicated  by  shading. 


on-or-about          on-or-before  before-or-after 

Ing  may  be  indicated  by  a  break  in  the  outline. 

drawingmaster  workingman  singingbook 

Words  may  be  shaded  to  add  are,  as  shown  in 
lesson  two.  Such  and  which  may  be  shaded  also  to 
add  were,  by  writing  the  sign  for  such-were,  so  that  the 
s  does  not  touch  the  line,  and  writing  the  sign  for 
zvhich-it'cre  in  the  third  position. 


7° 


such-are       they-are-to-have-our       such-were-not-the 

" " ' £ ~ ;£— 2 

which- were-to-have-been  which-wcre-not-likely 


TIXUS    SHORTHAND  101 

OMISSION   OF  CONSONANTS. 

T  may  be  omitted  after  s  in  certain  words  and 
phrases,  where  a  better  joining  can  be  made  with  the 
circle. 

postpone      mostly      testifies      must-have      just-been 

R  may  be  omitted  from  the  syllables  stnictioti,  struc- 
tlrc,  traction,  tractive,  etc. 


destruction        attractive        instructive        constriction 
I'  ma    be  omitted  from  serration. 


reservation  observation  preservation 

K  and  gay,  when  but  slightly  sounded,  are  omitted. 

a  /~7  "—-7 


sanction  distinction  anguish  relinquish 

Rb  and  rp  are  omitted  from  scribe  and  scrip,  respect- 
ively. 

&~^  tfr~*"x  <^~~>  *r~J 

prescribe         subscribe         prescription         description 


102 


TINUS    SHORTHAND 


OMISSION  OF  WORDS. 


Many  small  connecting  words  may  be  omitted,  and 
their  omission  indicated  (or  in  certain  instances  im- 
plied) in  such  a  way  as  to  render  it  very  easy  for  the 
writer  to  supply  them  when  reading  or  transcribing 
the  notes.  Grammatical  construction  will  in  each  in- 
stance necessitate  the  restoration  of  the  implied  words. 

The  connecting  clause  of  the  may  be  omitted. and  its 
omission  indicated  by  writing  the  outline  which  follows 
close  to  the  preceding  one. 

/       t?  i 

demands  of  the  business  value  of  the  goods 

interests  of  the  people  advantage  of  the  price 

^ /Z 

nature  of  the  subject       gentlemen  of  the  profession 

From  to,  after,  and  by,  may  be  omitted  between 
words  that  are  repeated,  and  their  omission  is  indi- 
cated as  follows : 


from  day  to  day    from  hour  to  hour    from  week  to  week 


TINUS    SHORTHAND  103 

from  side  to  side       day  after  day       year  after  year 

± /L ~ 

time  after  time  day  by  day  year  by  year 

And,  coming  between  words  that  are  repeated,  may 
be  expressed  with  the  a  hook,  or  omitted  entirely,  join- 
ing the  outlines  of  the  words  repeated. 

more   and  more       higher  and  higher       out  and  out 

c - 

over  and  over        less  and  less         further  and  further 
In  may  be  omitted  from  the  following  phrases : 

father-in-law  mother-in-law  son-in-law 


•  daughter-in-law  brother-in-law  sister-in-law 

In  many  phrases  small  or  unimportant  words  may 
be  omitted,  or  expressed  with  modified  forms,  where 
the  grammatical  construction  of  a  clause  or  sentence 


104 


TINUS    SHORTHAND 


would  necessitate  their  being  restored  when  transcrib- 
ing. 

want-to-be  it-seems-to-be  it-is-not-to-be 


...„..._<£_,. 

at-the-prcscnt-time 


in-regard-to-it 


for-the-most-part 


under-the-necessity 


hand-in-hand  Constitution  of  the  United  States 


one-of-the-most  one-of-the-best  at-a-loss 


ladies-and-gentlemen          in-the-way          more-or-less 


sooner-or-later      in-the-meanwhile      on-the-one-hand 


United  States   of  America  in-the-next-place 


as-a-matter-of-course        for-instance       handwriting 


TINUS    SHORTHAND  105 

fP-    f  —  „„._-    .-. 

great-deal         once-in-a-while         my-best-recollection 

NUMERICAL   DENOMINATIONS,    ETC. 

It  is  preferable  to  write  all  numbers  in  accordance 
\vith  the  Shorthand  Numerals  given  in  lesson  eleven ; 
however,  the  following  illustrations  show  how  figures 
may  be  handled  by  those  who  seldom  have  occasion  to 
write  them. 

In  combination  with  figures  use  the  regular  sign  nd 
for  hundred,  and  th  for  thousand;  also  write  m  for 
million,  b  for  billion,  and  s  above  the  line  for  per  cent. 
Cents  may  be  expressed  by  writing  the  figures  above 
the  line. 


300  *H          $4.000 

300,000  3j         $300,000 


tf 

15  cents  JtV        $2,000,000,000 

/"Z          $8.20  ~      2>00°.000  acres 


$1°  ^~°        5  per  cent 

$900  <£  °          6  per  cent  per  annum 


106  TINUS    SHORTHAND 

Hours,  minutes,  and  seconds  may  be  indicated  as  fol- 
lows: 

«*"  2.  £ 

......  "&'&  ..... 

5   hours       28   minutes      45   seconds 

Degrees,  minutes  and  seconds;  pounds,  shillings,  and 
pence;  also,  book,  chapter  and  page,  may  be  indicated 
by  the  same  method. 


2  o 

15°  30'  20"  £2  8s  lOd 


1st  book    14th  chapter     62d  page 

Any  year  in  the  present  century  may  be  represented 
by  the  last  two  figures.  Any  other  year  must  be  writ- 
ten with  its  full  number  of  figures. 


1908  1837 

From  and  to,  as  in  from  one  to  two,  may  be  indicated 
by  writing  the  second  figure  below  the  line  and  to  the 
right.  Feet  and  inches  are  indicated  by  the  brief  signs, 
and  by  with  a  short  slanting  stroke. 


3         """      " 7o  7* 


from  2  to  3          from  10  to  Wl/2  3  feet  4  inches 

£.:. ; <> ^ c'. & _ 

3   feet  6  inches  by  6   feet   8   inches 


TINUS    SHORTHAND 


107 


EXERCISE   13. 


Read,  copy,  and  read  from  your  notes. 


c,  ......... 


=2 


(     cX7 

•••* «r--3«— |r- 


108  TINUS    SHORTHAND 

EXERCISE  14. 
Write  in  shorthand. 

Plentiful,  bashful,  preventive,  positive,  elective, 
legislative,  seems-to-be,  out-of-it,  each-of-our,  on-the- 
part-of-our,  right-of-another,  right-side-of-the,  said-to- 
have,  want-to-have,  in-order-to-have-the,  of-our-own, 
of-all-the,  of-many-more,  always-willing,  always-neces- 
sary, not-so-many,  so-long-as-the,  we-can-not-see, 
we-will-be-pleased-to-have-it,  which-are-said-to-have, 
which-are-necessary,  which-are-made,  such-were-his, 
which-were-able,  which-were-made,  lastly,  justify,  you- 
must-also,  constructive,  protractive,  unction,  com- 
punction, languid,  describe,  manuscript,  most-of-the- 
states,  some-of-the-railroads,  date-of-the-letter,  from- 
city-to-city,  from-place-to-place,  from-year-to-year, 
hour-after-hour,  side-by-side,  better-and-better,  by- 
and-by,  wish-to-say,  want-to-say,  seems-to-make,  that- 
is-to-say,  face-to-face,  on-the-other-hand,  matters-of- 
importance,  -in-the-meantime,  all-the-way,  in-the-world. 

Have-you  written  to-the-gentleman  yet  ?  Xo-changc 
will-be-made  so-long-as-the  work  is  being  handled  sat- 
isfactorily. Your-goods  are  almost-ready,  and  we-will- 
make-a  shipment  on-the  order  not-later-than  Tuesday- 
noon.  She  seems-to-have  a-good  general  education, 
and  ought  to-develop  into  a  valuable  assistant.  This- 
\vill-give-you-an  opportunity  to-secure  all-of-them  at- 


TINUS    SHORTHAND  109 

our  very  best  price.  We-should-like-to-have  you  ad- 
vise-us  on-the-subject  as-soon-as-possible.  One-of-the- 
partners  was  absent  when-the  sale  was-made.  It- 
would-not-be  lawful  to-act  in-the-matter  as-you-sug- 
gest.  The  goods  will-go-forward  at-once.  Hour-by- 
hour  the  patient  grew  weaker.  It-is  entirely  unneces- 
sary for-us  to-assume-the  obligation.  I-should-be- 
pleased-to-have-you  bring-them  with  you,  if-it-is  con- 
venient for-you  to-do-so.  It-is-very  doubtful  as-to 
whether  we  could-take  care-of-your-work  satisfactorily 
at-this-time.  Day-by-day  it-is-becoming  more-and- 
more  apparent  that-something  must-be-done  to-improve 
existing  conditions.  The  receipts  have-been  less-and- 
less,  day-after-day  and  week-after-week,  until  it-is-nec- 
essary  now  to-make-a-change.  Most  of-our  students 
are  very  attentive  to-their  duties  at-all-times.  We-can- 
not-give-you  a  definite  reply  until  sometime  tomorrow. 

LETTER  No.  6. 

"»' >; * 

^J^2-2JkfS 


110  TINUS    SHORTHAND 


Messrs.  William  J.  Bland  and  Son, 

Detroit,  Michigan. 
Gentlemen : 

Accept  our-thanks  for-your  letter-of-the-14th  inst., 
enclosing  check  for  $26.55,  in-full  of-v.our  account  to- 
date.  We-also  acknowledge  receipt-of  20  cents  in 
stamps,  to-cover-the  exchange-charges  on-the  two 
checks  payable  to-the-order-of  W.  B.  Richardson,  and 
R.  C.  Packard,  respectively,  which-were  received  at- 
our-office  last-week. 

We-are-pleased  to-inform-you  that-we  now  have-a 
complete  description-of-the-Adams  property,  which- 
you-have-had  under  consideration  for-some-time,  and 


TIN  US    SHORTHAND  111 

can-givc-you  the  details   whenever  you-are-ready  to- 
take  any  definite  action  on-the  proposition. 

Property  in-this-part-of-the-city  is  advancing  year- 
after-year,  and  if-you-think  you-can  use  this-piece  to- 
advantage,  do-not  postpone  the  matter,  but  buy-now. 
This-is  one-of-the-most  desirable  locations  in-the-city 
for  resident  purposes,  and  it-will-never  cost-you  less- 
than  at-the-present-time.  It-may-be-possible  for-us  to- 
secure-a  30  day  option  for-you  on-the  site/ if-we-hear 
from-you  on-or-before  the  first-of-the-month. 

We  await  your-instructions,and  will  take-no  further 
action  in-the-matter  until  we-hear-from-you  again. 
Yours  truly, 

Webster  &  Simpson. 


LESSON  EIGHT. 


PREFIXES. 

As  all  vowels,  at  the  beginning  of  outlines,  are 
joined  either  as  strokes  or  hooks,  it  is  possible  to 
write  all  the  most  common  prefix  syllables  with 
simple  vowel  or  consonant  strokes,  joined  or  disjoined. 
The  stroke  used  in  each  instance  is  a  part  of  the  prefix 
outline,  usually  the  first  letter,  and,  for  this  reason,  the 
prefix  is  at  once  suggested  by  it. 

JOINED.PREFIXES. 

In,  tin,  are  expressed  with  n;  ini  with  m.  Joined  pre- 
fixes do  not  usually  regulate  positions. 


inspire        instead        unlike        impressive        improve 
Prc,  per,  pro  are  expressed  with  pr. 

/  ................  /  .....  '.  .........  /       *=*  .........     / 

precede     pervade     provide     permission     progressive 


TIN  US    SHORTHAND  113 

De,  be,  and  dis  are  expressed  with  d,  b,  and  ds,  re- 
spectively. 


delusive          debase          below          beguile          began 


discussion  discover  distrust  dismount 

Com  may  be  expressed  with  a  reduced  k,  when  pre- 
ceding pi,  especially  in  broken  outlines. 
-?  -?— 

o^-^-* 

complies  complimentary       compulsory 

Ulti    is    expressed  with    u,  above    the    line ;  ultra 
with  ur. 


ultimo  ultimate  ultramarine 

Magni,  magnc,  magna,  are  expressed  with  mgay. 


magnify       magnetism       magnanimously     magnitude 
O.v  often  may  be  written  with  os;  and,  o.r  with  as. 


oxygen  oxides         oxidization          oxen 

oxhide  axis  axiom  axminster 


114  TIN  US    SHORTHAND 

Fore  may  be  expressed  with  /. 


foremost          forefather      foreground         foresight 

Wordsigns  used  as  prefixes  are  usually  joined,  and 
retain  their  respective  positions. 

After,  out,  over,  under,  are  written  as  follows: 

2*-) 
................  &.  ..........  s  ............................  ....  ...........................  _ 

-£  =T 

afternoon  aftertaste  outspoken       outposts 


outlook         undertake         underscore         undersigned 

......................  (  .......  ......  (  ......  .     C  CT, 

</  / 

overcharge         overdraw         overwrought     overcome 

DISJOINED  PREFIXES. 

When  ac,  in,  en  or  un  precedes  con,  com,  cum,  conn 
or  cog,  both  syllables  are  expressed  by  the  vowel  stroke 
contained  in  the  first. 


accommodate  incompetent     encumbrance 


unconcern  encounter  incognito 


TINUS    SHORTHAND  115 

A  vowel  expressing  the  negative  form  may  be  at- 
tached to  any  prefix. 

y ^ 

unaccommodating         unaccountable 

When  re  precedes  con,  com,  coun  or  cog,  both  syl- 
lables are  expressed  with  r.  Precon,  decom  are  ex- 
pressed with  pr,  d.  Discom,  mis  con,  with  ds,  ms,  etc. 

reconsign          recompense         recount          recognized 

preconceive     decompose     discommode     misconduct 

6/ : 

discount  unrecognized  irreconcilable 

Noncon,  noncom,  are  expressed  with  nn;  malcon, 
with  ml;  transcon  with  ts;  subcom  with  su;  concom 
with  a  heavy  dot ;  and,  intercom,  intercon  with  a  minute 
semicircle. 


nonconducting  noncommittal  malcontent 


transcontinental          subcommission          concomitant 


116  TINUS    SHORTHAND 


intercommunication  interconnection 

Contra,  contro,  contri,  counter  are  expressed  with  kn. 

T  T  >— 

./  .....  ..........  -  ............  1*  ...............      ^  ......       £- 

controvene    contrivance    counteract    uncontradicted 
Para  is  expressed  with  p. 


parallel          parasite          paramount          incomparable 

Ante,  ant  a,  anti,  are  expressed  with  a  short  upward 
curve  —  a  minute  ut. 

-7*  ^  -y  -'f 

..................  /  .................................  ,...<^°.  ........................  (.   -   ..  .......................  .7  ..............  _  ........ 

antecedent         antagonist         antidote         anticipation 

Inter,    enter,    intcl,    are    expressed    with    n;   subtcr 
with  sur. 

...   ..    T  ..  /  JN, 

/  7 

interview         intercede         intelligent         intellectually 
....................  v.  ...................................................  y  .........................................  ^^L  ............................. 

enterprise  unintroduced  unintelligible 


unenterprising  subterfuge  subtraction 


TIXUS    SHORTHAND  117 

E.rtri,  cxter,  are  expressed  with  es. 


extricate      exterminate      extradition      extraordinary 

Self,  circum,  are  expressed  with  s  written  beside  the 
following  stroke.  Self,  con  or  com  is  expressed  by 
writing  the  s  just  before  the  beginning  of  the  first 
stroke.  Self  may  be  expressed  on  other  prefixes  with 
a  joined  s. 


self-defense                   circumvent  self-respect 

•°y                          °  *^_^ 
.......  1  ...... 

self-improvement       self-conscious  self-controlling 

Trans  is  expressed  with  t. 

-j_  ...................................  _  .....  ;£_  _____  .....................  ^  ..... 

transform                      transverse  translations 


untranslatable  subtranslucent  retransferred 

Alter,  alder  are  expressed  with  a  shaded  a;  clectr 
with  el;  and  nntlti  with  in. 


altercation  alternate  aldermen  electric 


"7"  ..............................   ^J?..  ..........................  ~J~..  .........  .  ................  t?.  ....... 

electrodes      electrolysis      multiform      multiplication 


118 


TINUS    SHORTHAND 


WORD  PRACTICE. 


1 

insure 

•  »  *°     unsurmised 

-<— 

insult 

—fff    unsuitable 

-f 

institute 

imitate 

r 

inside 

}         impression 

-*-, 

insertion  ' 

9        importation 

--7 

inrush 

7       impure 

—  <^s 

inquest 

v*       improvise 

—^V'* 

inquisitive 

&-J      impoverish 

—6 

r 

insistent 
inspiration 

i,       unimpeached 
s>         presuppose 

-^ 

insecure 

^  prevail 

~z 

inadequate 

b^^~     presage 

7 

insubordinate 

"  —       person 

-^ 

insufficient 

5          prepossess 

"^ 

unhelpful 

L  /    premonition 

_y 

unquiet 
unjust 

£  —  ^>      premature 
6          perchance 

TIXUS    SHORTHAND 


119 


f 

perspiration 

cr"        disastrous 

f 
—  TT~a 

promiscuous 

X^         discard 

tf 

persuasive 

X         disapprove 

/ 

productive 

£-'        disband 

7 

procedure 

^           disgraceful 

£- 

profane 

^          ultimatum 

£x 

procure 

^         ultra-critical 

^ 

profound 

*L^         ultra-conservative 

£ 

proprietor 

2^       magnanimous 

^ 

preparation 

—  -fj      magnificent 

^» 

demonstration 

xO     magnetic 

/ 

deprive 

/"         oxidizer 

/v 

defunct 

/         Oxford 

JQ 

despair 

/°        oxidizable 

C*S 

besiege 

axes 

^ 

beware 

3             axioms 

K 

beseechingly 

2—r—      foreman 

disburse 

^L  ^     foreclosed 

120 


TINUS    SHORTHAND 


j>        forefront 

6v 

incomparably 

<C_P       forelock 

2 

inconceivable 

7          forefinger 

I 

incomprehensible 

2.  —  ,       aftermath 

^ 

inconvenient 

J>         outsider 

.    I 

unconformable 

^-T/       outnumber 

*- 

uncommon 

/^—2     outlook 

* 

uncontested 

.£/->      outbreak 

y 

unconverted 

5  underhand 

y 

unconfessed 

^_^y    undercurrent 

^ 

incumbent 

i  ,=,      undermost 

Y 

encompassed 

y*  —     undertone 

*7 

recognition 

i^,       overearnest 

T 

reconfirmation 

^         overbought 

7 

reconsideration 

c          overdriven 

^-, 

reconstruction 

(          overpowered 

*~? 

unrecompensed 

^_      overseen 

r*~ 

preconsign 

y,        accomplished 

A 

disconnected 

TINUS    SHORTHAND 


121 


£ 

0 

f 

disconsolately 
discomfort                      "^  > 
misconception              ""   / 

controvertible 
countermand 
countermarch 

~y 

miscomprehension      *V-^ 

counteraction 

K  * 

J 

irreconciliation 
nonconformist               ^ 

countersign 
counterfeit 

^_^  —  o 

nonconcurrence             f 

counterpart 

"* 

noncommissioned         ^  —  / 

countermotion 

A 

nonconductor                  l/^ 
concomitancy                  J 
malconstruction              (" 
subconscious                   Vx 

countershaft 
countercharge 
paradise 
parachute 

r 

^ 

intercommunicating     <^~  & 

paralysis 

^> 

contradiction                  //-& 

paradox 

A 

contradistinctive            fs 

comparatively 

7 

controversion                 fa 

parable 

^ 

controversy 
subcontractor                  f 

antiquity 
antedate 

122 


SHORTHAND 


_ 


7 


7 


antenuptial 

—        external 

antelope 

^        extradition 

antagonized 

*  —  i     extremely 

interlace 

"2-z,       extraneous 

interlock 

_2/?       self-adjusting 

intersection 

self-interest 

intersperse 

^—^       self-made 

interposed 

0<0         self-evident 

interweave 

^          self-conscious 

intermission 

°>         circumference 

interviewing 

t*~°       circumflex 

interlude 

^^"^     circumjacent 

introduce 

o 

"~^        circumscribe 

intelligence 

C>         circumspect 

intellect 

•^-)       transaction 

enterprisingly 

"*~^       transcribe 

subtrahend 

J          transfer 

subterranean 

*^         transgress 

TINUS    SHORTHAND  123 

WORD  PRACTICE— Concluded. 


o^ 

transient 

y 

electrify 

<- 

transom 

•^ 

electromagnetic 

t+ 

transparencj- 

*-*S-N 

electrometer 

1 

transpire 

C      ^ 

electrotype 

f 

transposition 

41  —  ""y 

electrifier 

f 

retranspose 

-^ 

multiplex 

1^ 

alternative 

T 

multifarious 

124 


TIXUS    SHORTHAXD 


WORD   PRACTICE  REVIEW 


Write  in  shorthand  and  give  to  the  teacher  for  cor- 
rection or  approval. 


1  intent 

2  inform 

3  inseparable 

4  induce 

5  unpunished 

6  unseen 

7  unsuccessful 

8  impress 

9  importer 

10  presume 

11  perfume 

12  projection 

13  beset 

14  discuss 

15  discretion 

16  magnate 

17  magnifies 

18  foreseen 

19  forewoman 

20  outvote 

21  undergone 

22  oversold 

23  accommodation 

24  incomplete 

25  inconstant 

26  uncompromising 
'2~  unaccomplished 


28  reconcile 

29  reconvene 

30  disconcert 

31  discontinue 

32  misconstrue 

33  miscompute 

:>4  noncompliance 

35  contraposition 

36  contradict 

37  paraphrase 

38  antiseptic 

39  intervention 

40  entertain 

41  intelligible 

42  subterminal 

43  extract 

44  extravagant 

45  self-imposed 

46  self-conceit 

47  circumnavigate 

48  transport 

49  transfix 

50  retranspired 

51  alternately 

52  electrolier 

53  electrocution 

54  multiplier 


TIN  US    SHORTHAND 


125 


EXERCISE   15. 
Read,  copy,  and  read  from  your  notes. 


7 


L 


; 

^Si^.  fr  L; 


J>  O—O 


//. 


6. 


126  TINUS    SHORTHAND 

EXERCISE  16. 
Write  in  shorthand. 

We-hereby  confirm  our-order-of-the-5th  inst.  Do- 
you  expect  to-enter-the  contest?  The  day  was  devoid 
of  extraordinary  incidents.  All  applications  for  certifi- 
cates were  examined  and-the  requisitions  granted.  He- 
is  thoroughly  competent  and-is-willing  to  demonstrate 
his  worth.  We-have  his  permission  to-proceed  with- 
the  perfecting  of-the-machine.  This  electric  railway 
will  parallel-the  steam  railway,  and  should-be  compara- 
tively easy  of  construction.  Incompetency  was-the  only 
reason  given  for-his  removal.  He-will  translate-the 
verses  for-you.  The  reporter  will  interview  the  presi- 
dent upon-his  return  to-the-city  tonight.  We-dislike 
very-much  to-discommode-you  in-any-way.  He-was 
conspicuous  by-his  absence.  This-will  introduce  to- 
you  our-agent,  Mr.  W.  C.  Holmes,  who  will-be-pleased 
to-explain-the  many  advantages  of-our  patent  inter- 
locking tiles.  They  seem-to-be  guided  by  self-interest 
only.  What-will-be-the  ultimate  result?  After  com- 
municating with-his-father,  he-was  induced  to-make-a 
confession.  What-is-the  outlook  for-a-good  business 
this-year?  It-seems  somewhat  inconsistent  for-us  to-' 
recommend  such-a-change  without  first  considering  the 
results.  She  seems-to-be  absolutely  irreconcilable,  and 
nothing  further  can-be-done  by-way-of  consummating- 
the  deal  at-present.  We-will  accommodate  ourselves 


TINUS    SHORTHAND  127 

to-circumstances  and  accompany-them  as-soon-as-they- 
are  ready.  Self-respect  should-cause-him  to-refrain- 
from  further  discussion-of-the-subject  at-this-time. 
Our  forefathers  did-not  foresee-the  magnitude  and 
magnificent  growth  of-our  country.  In-the-United- 
States  the  Constitution  is  paramount  in  importance. 
Our  multiplex  machines  are-the  best  on-the-market 
for-all  classes-of-work.  Several  conferences  have- 
been-held,  and  various  recommendations  considered; 
but-nothing  definite  has  yet-been  accomplished.  The 
machine  is  self-adjusting,  with  interchangeable  parts, 
yet  it-is  unsuitable  for-my  purpose.  The  contract 
must-be  countersigned  by-the  president-of-the-com- 
pany. 

LETTER  No.  7. 


128  TINUS    SHORTHAND 

Baker  &  Bond  Co., 

Louisville,  Ky. 
Gentlemen : 

Your  communication  of-recent-date,  concerning  my 
taking  out  a  policy  in  your  company,  is-at-hand ;  also 
prospectus  of-your  new  policy,  which-you-say  you- 
would  recommend  for-my  consideration. 

Responding  to-your  courteous-letter  I  may-say  that 
I-am  very-much  interested  in-the-subject  of  life-insur- 
ance, and-am  now  carrying  several  policies  in-various 
companies ;  however,  I-am-not  contemplating  taking  on 
any-more  insurance,  and  would-not-care  to-consider-a 
policy  at-this-time,  no-matter  what  its  merits  might-be. 
Very-respectfully, 

Charles  X.  Taylor. 

LETTKK  Xo.  8. 


TIN  US    SHORTHAND 


Mr.  Benjamin  Atwood, 
Dayton,  Ohio. 
Dear  Sir: 

Your-letter-of-the-6th  inst.,  asking  me  to-give-an 
opinion  on-the  legal  phases-of-the-contract  which-you 
enclosed,  was-received. 

After  reading  your-letter  of  explanation,  I  examined 
the  contract  very  carefully,  and  believe  it  to-be  wholly 
inadequate  and  incomplete.  It  contains  nothing  illegal, 
but  omits  many  important  conditions  necessary  to- 
make-it  sufficiently  binding  upon-the  parties.  For-in- 
stance,  there-is-no  definite  time  stated  for  the  comple- 
tion-of-the-structure ;  no  provision  made  for  the  proper 
inspection  of  material  to-be  used ;  and,  many  other  so- 
called  safeguards  which  should-be  included  in-such-a- 
contract,  have-been  omitted. 


130  TIXUS    SHORTHAND 

In-accordance  with  your-suggcstion,  I-have  prepared 
a  new  draft  which  I-think  covers  all-the-points-and 
conditions  involved.  The  contractors  should-have-no 
objection  to-this-form,  and  I-would  recommend  that 
you  accept  nothing  that-is  less  binding  than-the  en- 
closed draft. 

Thanking-you  for  this-opportunity  to-serve  you,  and- 
assuring-you  of-my-best  efforts  on-all  matters  which- 
you-may  refer  to-me,  I-remain, 

Yours-truly, 

Eugene  C.  Daniels. 


LESSON  NINE. 


AFFIXES. 

As  the  rule  for  writing  vowels  at  the  end  of  outlines 
requires  that  they  shall  be  joined,  it  is  possible  to  ex- 
press many  frequently  recurring  affix  syllables,  or  end- 
ings of  words,  with  simple  or  modified  strokes,  placed 
in  certain  positions  relative  to  the  rest  of  the  outline. 

Ted,  dcd,  are  expressed  with  a  short  slanting  tick 
struck  dozvmvard  at  tlhe  end  of  the  outline.  The  tick 
may  be  shaded  for  r,  as  in  diture.  A  vowel  may  be 
joined  at  the  beginning  of  the  tick.  When  ia,  ua,  etc., 
precede  the  tick,  enlarge  the  a  hook.  Join  u  after  the 
tick  for  tude.  S  may  be  added  the  same  as  on  simple 
strokes. 

2                   ,  ~a~7  <r^j    .  4 
' // '•? 

afforded      shouted     insinuated      emaciated      divided 

- <M Ac?. *^-.l 1. 

discommoded       escaladed       solitude       expenditures 


132  TIN  US    SHORTHAND 

Ary,  ery,  etc.,  are  expressed  with  r.    Reduce  the  r  to 
add  n  or  /. 


primary          missionary          dictionary  stationery 

£-*             ^_^               4?  f-i 

theories          statutory         disciplinarian  primarily 

Arity,  erity.  etc.,  are  expressed  with  rt. 
s-  o o  • CL_ 

posterity              sincerity              minority  futurity 
Ility,  ality,  are  expressed  with  /;  bility  with  bt. 


fragility  legality  possibility  affability 

Ment,  mental,  are  expressed  with  m  (joined  if  con- 
venient).The  m  is  shaded  for  mentary.  Write  mt  for 
mentally  and  mentality. 

adjustment     instrument      ornamental     documentary 


elementary  fundamentally  instrumentality 


TIN  US    SHORTHAND  133 

Ingion,  is  expressed  with  tn;  ingston  with  s-tn;  ing- 
ham  with  a  reduced  ng. 


Washington       Lexington       Livingston       Dillingham 
leal,  acle,  icle,  ically  are  expressed  with  kl. 


physical  oracle  article  scientifically 

.Ity,  ety,  uty,  cdy  are  expressed  with  a  short  tick 
struck  upward  and  above,  or  to  the  right  of  the  outline. 


deity  unity  levity  diversity  pretty 


rarity  deputy  remedy  remedied 

Idly,  edly,  etc.,  at  the  end  of  certain  words,  may  be 
most  conveniently  expressed  with  a  short  downward 
stroke  written  under,  or  to  the  left  of  the  outline. 


rigidly          rapidly          unreservedly          wretchedly 


134  TINUS    SHORTHAND 

Isity,  acity,  ocity,  are  expressed  with  s;  pluralize 
with  ss. 


simplicity         capacity         curiosity         eccentricities 

I stic,  astic,  estic  are  expressed  with  the  st  loop.    The 
various  endings  may  be  joined. 


o 

atheistic         majestic         statistics         enthusiastically 

Bleness,  fulness,  sameness,  are  expressed  with*  s 
written  at  the  end  of  the  preceding  stroke ;  lessness 
with  ss. 

^  J**  • 

teachableness        distastefulness          troublesomeness 

\j 

lifelessness  restlessness  thoughtlessness 

Ology,  alogy,  are  expressed  with  /.  Ological  with 
of;  ologically,  oji;  ologian,  ofn. 

physiology  genealogy  phrenological 


psychologically  theologian  geologists 


TINUS    SHORTHAND  135 

Atic,  etic,  etc.,  are  expressed  with  a;  antic  with  a 
minute  nt;  matic  with  a  short  horizontal  tick;  fication 
with  fn. 


operatic       phonetic       gigantic       Atlantic       dramatic 


mathematics  justification  modifications 

0  graph  is  expressed  with  a  reduced  gay.  Additional 
syllables  are  written  in  accordance  with  regular  prin- 
ciples as  follows  : 


lithograph  stenographer  photography  stenographically 

Itary,  atory  are  expressed  with  /;  shorten  and  add  i 
for  an  additional  al,  ally,  or  an. 


1^^ 


initiatory  military  territorial  utilitarian 

Ulatc  is  expressed  with  n.  Express  the  past  tense 
with  an  added  t.  Write  additional  letters  and  syllables 
as  follows: 


stipulate        speculator        speculative        manipulators 


136  TIN  US    SHORTHAND 

speculations  stimulated  ejaculating 

Self,  is  expressed  with  s;  selves  with  ss;  ship  with 
sh,  struck  across  horizontal  strokes,  and  disjoined  be- 
fore down  strokes. 

» d - 

myself  yourself  yourselves  themselves 


ourselves     statesmanship          censorship          hardship 

Ward,  hood  are  .expressed  with  d,  joined  if  conven- 
ient. 


onward    afterward    Edward  '  boyhood    neighborhood 


TINUS    SHORTHAND 


137 


WORD  PRACTICE. 


—  '• 

waited 

rectitude 

/; 

devoted 

c  •/      eluded 

Cx? 

debated 

'""'    *t     coincided 

Q, 

assisted 

excited 

>< 

offended 

L>1        denunciated 

(l 

pounded 

~^^      mediated 

a—/ 

ascended 

situated 

*-** 

recited 

""          attenuated 

^ 

unloaded 

^          fluctuated 

1, 

shrouded 

<^\^       actuated 

-2^1 

yielded 

~—i         radiated 

6/ 

ousted 

*-3~-ZL*    revolutionar 

—  / 

crowded 

'^~       diary 

X 

fortitude 

•  —      misery 

7 

humiliated 

"~^      petitionary 

4 

chatted 

c~2^       actionary 

~^ 

lassitude 

o<J^      stationary 

138 


TINUS    SHORTHAND 


"  —       accessory 

v  •      pavement 

^-         accessorial 

C~v--^-     enlightenment 

^~^-^     peremptory 

contentment 

—  ^    itinerary 

firmament 

-^^~*'     veterinary 

C-Q  renouncement 

^-f>    minorities 

resentment 

fc—      disparity 

S-S**      discouragement 

£-=^___     personality 

assignment 

visibility 

<-"x^         appointment 

*-  —  •£      plausibility 

~^  —      entertainment 

^  utility 

j             fulfillment 

°  </"     insensibility 

<—  C~N         enactment 

°^        feasibility 

e  —  °  —    reimbursement 

~/£        negotiability 

2  detachment 

—  -£,     incapability 

—  —   -    momentary 

'»*'     responsibility 

^^    monumentally 

/           ductility 

J.           Farmington 

~^a  —    announcement 

cr-;  —  '/    Burlington 

TINUS    SHORTHAND 


139 


Birmingham 

"—  -£       lucidity 

Cunningham 

frigidity 

vertical 

**—-  °        velocity 

spherical 

electricity 

logical 

£°          publicity 

}0 

typical 

veracity 

classical 

**^        authenticity 

political 

*~jj£         rapacity 

satirically 

elastic 

axiomatically 

^^      characteristic 

receptacle 

^    ^~      bombastic 

gratuity 

questionableness 

obscurity 

°f.0         fancifulness 

vanity 

/         doubtfulness 

varieties 

4          forgetfulness 

O 

scarcity 

"^°       irksomeness 

festivities 

^           uselessness 

0 

vicinity 

v  —  °      artlessness 

140 


TIN  US    SHORTHAND 


apology 

^       fortification 

theology 

7*       mortification 

theologians 

—  ~-f      classification 

doxology 

(j          identification 

biology 

-f     qualification 

etymology 

unification 

physiologically 

verification 

aquatic 

phonograph 

pathetic 

autograph 

energetic 

^         phraseography 

systematic 

geographic 

chaotic 

typographical 

pneumatic 

lexicographer 

enigmatic 

/           preparatory 

automatically 

*4s    laboratory 

pedantic 

\s        proprietary 

frantic 

conciliatory 

romantic 

c     r      emulate 

TIN  US    SHORTHAND 
WORD  PRACTICE— Concluded. 


141. 


stimulates 

^7     secretaryship 

adulation 

<-f-       ownership 

modulation 
dissimulation 

/"/~    township 

9 

/          authorship 

accumulation 

j          friendship 

tabulated 

£j_       partnership 

expostulate 

^       westward 

population 

/      downward 

calculator 

-Y      wayward 

himself 
oneself 
steamships 

(^j>       backward 
-S        awkward 
^       statehood 

generalship 

•=-!     manhood 

142 


TINUS    SHORTHAND 


WORD  PRACTICE  REVIEW. 


Write  in  shorthand  and  give  to  the  teacher  for  cor- 
rection or  approval. 


1  pitied 

2  applauded 

3  spotted 

4  latitude 

5  evacuated 

6  repudiated 

7  initiated 

8  visionary 

9  literary 

10  cautionary 

11  peremptorily 

12  similarity 

13  amiability 

14  ability 

15  morality 

16  inducement 

17  re-enforcement 

18  discernment 

19  atonement 

20  rudimentary 

21  Wellington 

22  Bellingham 

23  obstacle 

24  icicle 

25  ethical 

26  critically 

27  gayety 


28  rapidity 

29  entirety 

30  tenacity 

31  animosity 

32  artistic 

33  domestic 

34  caustic 

35  serviceableness 

36  mindfulness 

37  zoology 

38  biological 

39  narcotic 

40  axiomatic 

41  ratification 

42  falsification 

43  nullification 

44  geography 

45  typographers 

46  rotary 

47  votary 

48  miscalculation 

49  gesticulating 

50  thyself 

51  trusteeship 

52  kinship 

53  inward 

54  womanhood 


TIN  US    SHORTHAND 
EXERCISE   17. 

Read,  Copy,  and  read  from  your  notes. 


143 


>o     f  Q       ^^^-l/  I  V     (     I      —      X 

* ^>    v  A    07     I,         f/.. 

)    ^f>~.  f__     S £^J>         I  fi  c^f-~     U 

^ ^ * ~7 ••-/ 


sue. 


144  TINUS    SHORTHAND 


EXERCISE  18. 
Write  in  shorthand. 

There-is-just-a  possibility  that  we-will-have  to-post- 
pone  the  shipment-of-the-physiologies  for-a-few-days. 
His  popularity  is  largely  due  to-his  affability.  Such 
characteristics  are  typical  of-the  whole  population,  be- 
cause-of-the-un favorable  geographical  position  which 
they  occupy.  Our  past  success  is  but  an  incentive  to- 
greater  achievement.  We-will  allow  you-a  discount  of 
2  per  cent  on-this  consignment,  provided  payment  is 
made  before  the  15th-of-the-month.  Carelessness  and 
wastefulness  led  to-his  discharge.  Are  you  studying 
physiology  and  psychology  this  term?  No,  I-am  tak- 
ing-the  lectures  on  chronology,  and  laboratory  work  in 
zoology.  There-are-several  classifications  of  corpora- 
tions. Name-the  principal  characteristics  of-a  negoti- 
able instrument.  Who-may-be  adjudged  an  involuntary 
bankrupt?  It-recognizes-the  inevitableness  of-present 
conditions.  Is-it  stipulated  in-the-contract  ?  I-trust 
that  under-the-circumstances  you-will  reconsider-your 
decision,  and  accept-the  shipment.  They-are  favorably 
known  in-this  neighborhood.  Disability  means  want- 


TIN  US    SHORTHAND  145 

of  qualification,  incapacity  to-do-a  legal  act.  They- 
are  acting  solely  from-a  humanitarian  standpoint,  and 
with  no  hope-of  receiving-a  money  consideration  for- 
their  services.  Transatlantic  communication  by  wire- 
less is-novv  an  established  fact.  The  deputy  was  in- 
strumental in-bringing-the  criminal  to  justice.  Reck- 
lessness and  thoughtlessness  were-the  causes  assigned 
for-his  removal.  The  agreement  hereinbefore  men- 
tioned was  thereto  attached.  These  reactionary  meas- 
ures are  incomprehensible  to-him.  They  knowingly 
disregarded  the  instructions.  You-had  the  ornamental 
pieces  charmingly  arranged.  Only  circumstantial-evi- 
dence has-been  brought  in.  He-is  particularly  inter- 
ested in  etymological  and  philological  studies.  This 
eminent  phrenologist  teaches  in-the  university.  The 
pupils-of-the-intermediate  departments  gave-an  enter- 
tainment during-the  intermission.  I  understand  that- 
his  acceptance  is-conditional,  requiring-the  adoption  of 
certain  revolutionary  methods.  Revolution  actually 
threatens-the  national  unity.  Translations-of-the-New 
Testament  have-been-made  in  nearly  all-the  languages- 
of-the-earth.  The  plottings  of  politicians,  for  leader- 
ship, are  wonderful  illustrations  of  selfishness.  Regu- 
larity and  punctuality  are  important  qualifications  in- 
any  pursuit.  Irregularity,  and  interruption  in-business 
afifairs,  are  insuperable  obstacles  to-success.  Magnifi- 
cent entertainments  are  often  accompanied  by-the  most 
useless  and  inconsiderate  expenditures. 


146  TINUS    SHORTHAND 


4 


U> 


1-  ~ 


Mr.  Samuel  B.  Anderson, 

Nashville,  Tennessee. 
Dear  Sir: 

Knowing  that  you-have  recently  acquired  title  to-a 
certain  piece-of  property,  \ve  presume  that  it-was  pur- 
chased with-the  idea  of  making  improvements. 

We  furnish  plans,  specifications,  and  estimates,  free. 
Money  at-lowest  rates,  without  commission.  Monthly 
payments  if  desired.  No  expense  if-we  do-not-do  busi- 
ness. 

We  enclose  herewith  a  circular  which  explains  our 
methods,  and  which  we-trust  will-be-of  interest  to-you. 
Very-truly-yours, 
Perkins,  Robinson  &  Ellsworth. 


TINUS    SHORTHAND  147 


Freeman  &  Fraser, 

Ithaca,  New  York. 
Gentlemen : 

We  enclose  herewith  some  specimens  of  letterheads, 
printed  from  Cerotypes,  in  penmanship  styles.  We- 
make-a  specialty  of-this-class-of  engraving,  and  are 
prepared  to-quote  favorable  prices  on  your  office  sta- 
tionery. 

If-you-are  using  lithographed  or  engraved  station- 
ery, and  wish  to-economize  without  sacrificing-the  ap- 


148  TIN  US    SHORTHAND 

pearance  of-your  forms;  or,  if-you-are  using  common 
printed  stationery,  and  wish  to-improve-it  at-small  ad- 
ditional expense,  please-send-us  your-suggestions  as-to 
copy  and  style,  stating  quantity  of-the  form  desired, 
and  we-will-submit  designs,  free-of-charge,  and  prices 
that-will  appeal  to-you. 

We-make-no  charge  for  engraving,  where  we  do  the 
printing. 

Yours-very-truly, 

.Miller  &  Ellis. 

LETTER  No.  11. 


/- 


To-Each  Member  of-Our  Association: 

Our  publication  has-become  almost  inestimable  in- 


TINUS    SHORTHAND  149 

value  for-our  Association  work.  It-is-necessary,  in- 
order  to-increase  its  usefulness,  that  you-should  send- 
us  your  subscription,  the  same  beginning  with  your 
membership  year. 

Kindly  sign  the  attached  subscription  blank,  insert- 
ing-the  name-or-names  of-parties  who-should  receive- 
it,  and  remit  by  check,  or-otherwise.  A  reply  by-re- 
turn-mail will-be  greatly  appreciated,  as-all  subscrip- 
tions should-be-received  not-later-than  December  28. 

Co-operation,  and  prompt  action  on  your  part,  will 
greatly  aid-your  Publicity  Committee. 
Sincerelv-yours, 


LESSON  TEN. 

COMMERCIAL  PHRASES. 

Many  dictators,  in  answering  correspondence,  use 
expressions  similar  to  those  illustrated  on  this  page, 
all  of  which  are  written  in  shorthand,  with  very  brief, 
yet  distinct,  outlines.  Pronouns,  also  the  less  important 
letters,  are  frequently  omitted  from  these  outlines. 

N  may  be  shaded  to  represent  in  re.  It  is  unneces- 
sary to  shade  ive,  for  are,  before  in  re. 

I  am  in  receipt  of  your  favor 

*7  I  am  in  receipt  of  your  valued  favor 

<s 

°J  I  am  in  receipt  of  your  esteemed  favor 

^"""^ — •  I   am  in   receipt   of  your   letter 

^"7  I  am  in  receipt  of  your  order 

—  In  answer  to  your  letter 

~~C — -  In  response  to  your  letter 

~C^7  In  response  to  your  letter  of  recent  date 

In  reply  to  your  favor 

v^_^  In  reply  to  your  letter 


TINUS    SHORTHAND  151 

In  reply  to  your  esteemed  favor 
In  reply  to  your  letter  of  recent  date 
In  reference  to  the  matter 
In  respect  to  the  matter 
In  regard. to  the  matter 
We  are  in  receipt  of  your  letter 
We  are  in  receipt  of  your  favor 
We  are  in  receipt  of  your  order 
We  are  in  receipt  of  your  valued  favor 
We  are  in  receipt  of  your  esteemed  favor 
$  Your  esteemed  favor 

REVIEW    PHRASE    PRACTICE. 

The  following  is  an  exercise  showing,  of,  all,  with, 
though,  although,  they-are,  there-are,  thus,  through, 
this,  other,  these,  those,  there,  and  their,  in  combina- 
tion. 

The  exercise  is  placed  here  simply  for  practice.  The 
outlines  are  all  familiar;  therefore,  no  memorizing  is 
necessary.  Notice  that  although  there  is  quite  a  simi- 
larity of  forms,  no  outline,  when  properly  written,  can 
be  misread. 


152                   TIXUS    SHORTHAND 

L           of-this 

5 

with-others 

of-these 

j 

though-there 

C           of-their 

I 

thougli-they-are 

C-^        of-all 

j 

thougli-thcrc-are 

-•  —  f        all-this 
'  ^       all-thcse 

j 
c 

though-otliers 
they-are-there 

v  —  3       all-those 

I 

they-are-through 

(         all-thcy 

( 

they-are-\vitli 

"  —  "\        all-others 

} 

there-are-those 

v  —  1         all-there-is 

} 

there-are-others 

>  —  ^        althongh-there 
v  -I        although-therc-are 

f 

thus-thej'-are 
tluis-there-is 

N—  p        although-they-are 

£ 

thus-there-arc 

^  —  ^        although-others 

c 

through-there 

^             \vith-this 
**          with-these 
j)            with-those 

(            with-their 

1 

i 

through-their 
througli-this 
throtjgh-those 
through-others 

TIN  US    SHORTHAND  153 

ADVANCED  COMMERCIAL  PHRASES. 

In  the  following  phrases,  tnf  is  written  for  attention 
to  the  fact;  and  stnf  for  special  attention  to  the  fact. 

-— ^  Call  attention   to  the  fact 

"-v  Call  your  attention  to  the  fact 

-"~V  Call  your  special  attention  to  the  fact 

"'^  We  beg  to  call  attention  to  the  fact 

iJ  You  are  aware  of  the  fact 

-^"^  We  are  aware  of  the  fact 

<r~r>  As  a  matter  of  fact 

"jT  In  point  of  fact 

~~1  In  view  of  the  fact 

Q — c_x^         Somehow  or  other 

Absolutely  necessary 
At  an  early  date 
At  the  earliest  possible  date 
At  as  early  a  date  as  possible 
As  fast  as  possible 
f  For  the  purpose  of 


154 


TINUS    SHORTHAND 


POINTS  OF  THE  COMPASS,  AND  DIRECTIONS. 


north 

northerly 

to 

east 

^         southerly 

e 

south 

easterly 

^ 

west 

westerly 

—^s 

northern 

northeasterly 

c 

southern 

£_^      southeasterly 

"" 

eastern 

northwesterly 

*** 

western 

southwesterly 

—s^ 

northeast 

northeastern 

£ 

southeast 

£,       southeastern 

e 

northwest 

northwestern 

^ 

southwest 

southwestern 

—A-S 

northeaster 

~7       northward 

^ 

southeaster 

f       southward 

_>- 

northwester 

/       eastward 

>-" 

ax' 

southwester 

"7       westward 

TINUS    SHORTHAND 


155 


/ 


northeastward 
£        southeastward 

~"/       northwestward 
o^ 


southwestward 


northeast   quarter 
southeast  quarter 

northwest  quarter 
southwest  quarter 


MISCELLANEOUS  CONTRACTIONS. 


<O 


2 


selfish 

9           subdue 

unselfish 

/           subdivide 

extinct 

/           subdivision 

extinguish 

—  j_^      notional 

instinct 

e_--^      solitary 

alphabet 

^           pattern 

dignity 

^^—      trader 

history 

h          whomsoever 

governor 

"^        objectionable 

consequence 

extricate 

subordinate 

A         U.  S.  A. 

156 


TINUS    SHORTHAND 


IRREGULAR     COMPOUNDS     AXD     INTERSECTED 
FORMS. 


forthwith 

forthcoming 

furtherance 

furthermore 
i         real  property 
C  ,        personal  property 
taxable   property 
A.  M. 
P.  M. 
F.  O.  B. 
C.  O   D. 


taxpayers 

textbook 

,£ . 

overwhelming 

f          vice  president 
J^       henceforth 
withstand 
withstood 
/?        outgrowth 
-c longhand 

^ —    threefold 

*•*( 

securityship 


t- 

r 


STATES  AND  TERRITORIES. 

Alabama  "^r^  Colorado 

Arkansas  ^T  Connecticut 

Alaska  ^—  Delaware 

e/ 

Arizona  %  District  of  Columbia 

California  Florida 


TINUS    SHORTHAND 


157 


ZL 


-r 


• 


7- 


Georgia 

»        New  Hampshire 

Idaho 

~~V      New  York 

Illinois 

North  Carolina 

Indiana 

~7n         North  Dakota 

Iowa 

5,         Ohio 

Kansas 

f         Oregon 

Kentucky 

c-^     Oklahoma 

Louisiana 

^f      Pennsylvania 

Maine 

'  -7*       Rhode  Island 

Maryland 

*•        South  Carolina 

Massachusetts 

£        South  Dakota 

Michigan 

Tennessee 

Minnesota 

Texas 

Mississippi 

*i        Utah 

Montana 

**        Vermont 

Missouri 

^         Virginia 

Nebraska 

j          West  Virginia 

Nevada 

-^/         Washington 

New  Mexico 

*r         Wisconsin 

New  Jerse}' 

-^-  —     Wyoming 

158 


O 


A 


4. 


TINUS    SHORTHAND 
NAMES  OF  CITIES. 


Albany 

£fi        Dubuque 

Ashville 

^  —      Danville 

Atchison 

„        Defiance 

Atlantic  City 

*l      Elizabeth 

Atlanta 

^~f       Evansville 

Bloomington 

*\         Ft.   Wayne 

Boston 

^         Galveston 

Brooklyn 

^       Hoboken 

Chicago 

•^f~        Jacksonville 

Chattanooga 

~~J        Knoxville 

Cincinnati 

—  —  f      Kalamazoo 

Cleveland 

^~^~~    Lincoln 

Council  Bluffs 

v  —  -f       Louisville 

Detroit 

*•  —  a^_f    Los  Angeles 

Davenport 

-  —  ^  —  i    Montgomery 

Denver 

"^—*    Minneapolis 

Des  Moines 

~T~>      Milwaukee 

TIN  US    SHORTHAND 


159 


—  z>—  -  - 

'    Mobile 

Syracuse 

-x  * 

•    Xow  Orleans 

Savannah 

-V 

New  York 

£*^f    South  Bend 

-7^ 

Newark 

«  —  -^f  Salt  Lake  City 

-*- 

Xashville 

o—^       San  Jose 

3 

New  Haven 

/-^       Sioux   City 

V 

Norfolk 

^^     z   Sacramento 

<-r 

Omaha 

*^Z        St.    Louis 

£ 

Oshkosh 

*^C^  St.   Paul 

/ 

Philadelphia 

-^-t     Toledo 

V 

Pittsburg 

*^~~^   Terre  Haute 

J~^-^ 

Passaic 

^       Utica 

1 

. 

£>„ 

Peoria 

•     '\^/'     Vicksburg 

4- 

Pueblo 

"^      West  Point 

T- 

Rochester 

Wilmington 

^ 

Richmond 

2_^,       Yonkers 

°^ 

San  Francisco 

"3^         Youngstown 

T 

Seattle 

Q-y       Zanesville 

160 


TINUS    SHORTHAND 
PROPER  NAMES. 


i. 

Adams 

^—  ^        Harris 

i 

Anderson 

^—        Harmon 

ff 

Boyles 

c~^       Healey 

y 

Bradshaw 

~7         Henderson 

*1 

Brown 

}  ^_     Hoffman 

<:  b       Holmes 

c/-^—  -- 

• 

Butler 

r 

"v  —  \ 

It 

Clark   ' 

^  ,,  "     James 

^^~       Johnson 

^  * 

Collins 

" 

It 

* 

/3—       Jackson 

'•p 

Cook 

* 

^ 

Davis 

^^—  -       Kennedy 

/ 

__^            Kramer 

i^ 

Douglas 

" 

£_     Larson 

, 

Duffy 

—  o^ 

r 

Elliott 

•*-"      Lawrence 

'—£L- 

Emerson 

*  —  ^o      Lewis 

V 

Evans 

"      "    Lincoln 

; 
•a_-^ 

Franklin 

»          Lyons 

Xll. 

Green 

~~^    Miller 

TIN  US    SHORTHAND 


161 


•*.  —  *> 

Mills 

/•         Shaw 

•  1—  —  -«^~- 

Miner 

•—  -f    Sherman 

—  — 

Moore 

Simpson 

-7- 

Morgan 

°~^l      Smith 

~7^' 

Myers 

0 

}        Stevens 

•«- 

Nelson 

<^_^a—   Sullivan 

^r 

O'Brien 

o  o      Summers 

* 

°^- 

Olson 

^       Sweet 

^t- 

Palmer 

„        Swift 

< 

Perkins 

<^*~^~'     Taylor 

/„ 

Phillips 

**-  —  f      Thomas 

4, 

Powell 

-S~^-~f     Walsh 

C 

Powers 

-/*^~     Wagner 

*~^-* 

Quinn 

-^      Webster 

~v- 

Richmond 

-^~^°     Williams 

x» 

Roberts 

~^~^e~~    Wilson 

^r- 

Russell 

^  9     Wolf 

^ 

Sanders 

?_3       York 

162  TINUS    SHORTHAND 

TRANSPORTATION  COMPANIES. 

These  companies  are  usually  referred  to  by  the  ini- 
tials which  represent  them.  These  should  be  written 
as  dictated.  A  break  in  the  outline  indicates  &.  The 
following  illustrates  the  method  of  writing  these  ini- 
tials 

~VJ?         A.  T.  &  S.  P.     Atchison,   Topeka  &  Santa   Fe   Ry. 
£M         B.  &  O.  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad. 

€.^(  c.  &  O.  Chesapeake   &   Ohio    Railroad. 

€  xv' 

„  C.  &  O.  T.         Chicago  &  Grand  Trunk  Railway. 

*          C.  R.  I.  fc  P.        Chicago,  Rock  Island  &  Pacific  Ry. 


^—  - 


D.  IM.  ft  W.  Delaware,  Lackawanna&  Western  R.  R. 

V 

I.  C.  Illinois    Central     Railroad 

L.  S.  &  M.  S.  Lake  Shore  &  Michigan  Southern  Ry. 

"^       It.  E.  ft  W.  Lake   Erie   &   Western    Railroad. 

o  IT.  P.  Union    Pacific   Railroad. 

*-~  C.  St.  K.  W.  Chicago  &  North-Western  Ry. 

C.  M.  &  St.  P.  Chicago,   Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul  R.   R. 

C.  &  A.  Chicago  &   Alton. 

G.  W.  Great  Western  Railway. 


TINUS    SHORTHAND  163 

C.  B.  &  Q.  Chicago,  Burlington  &  Quincy  R.  R. 

Y.  &  M.  V.  Yazoo  &  Mississippi  Valley  R.  R. 

^ C.  S.  &  M.  Cincinnati,  Saginaw  &  Mackinaw  R.  R. 

~~^—^.       L.  &  N.  E.  Lehigh  &  Xew  England  Railroad. 

" — -J          R.  R.  V.  Red  River  Valley  Railroad. 

s^  T.  S.  Texas  Southern  Railway. 

s*-\s- «e.        Q.  O.  &  K.  C.  Quincy,  Omaha  &  Kansas  City  R.  R. 

— 5.^ N.Y.C.&H.R.  Xew  York  Cent.  &  Hudson  River  R.  R. 

^/                P.  C.  S.  S.  Co.  Pacific  Coast  Steamship  Company. 
(            M.  &  O.  Mobile   &   Ohio    Railroad. 

TRANSPORTATION  OFFICIALS. 

v?  A.  O.  S.  Assistant  General    Superintendent. 

9 

(  D.  F.  A.  Division  Freight  Agent. 

f  O.  P.  A.  General  Freight  Agent. 

•S  It 

^ O.  M.  General  Manager. 

^  Q.  P.  A.  General    Passenger    Agent. 

"     >  S.  M.  P.  Superintendent  Motive  Power. 

* ' 

<i_p  S.  R.  S.  Superintendent   Rolling  Stock. 

>f 

^  T.  A.  Traffic   Agent. 


164  TINUS    SHORTHAND 


LRTTKK   Xo.  12. 


Mr.  J.  G.  Grant, 

Lexington,  Kentucky. 
Dear  Sir: 

I-am  organizing-a  party  for  the  Southwest  and- 
would-like  very-much  to-have  you-make  the  trip  with 
me.  If-you-are-interested  at-all  please  drop  me  a  line 
and  I-will-have-one  of  my  men  call  giving  you  detailed 
information  concerning-the  trip. 

You-have  on  occasions  in-the-past  written  me  con- 
cerning-these   matters,    and    I   thought   perhaps   you- 
might  still-be-interested  in-the  Southwestern  country. 
Yours-truly, 

Raymond  C.  Harper. 


TINUS    SHORTHAND  165 

LETTER  No.  13. 

~^^'- „ - r- i, * 

L        / 


Mr.  Walter  C.  Pearson, 

Chicago,  Illinois. 
Dear  Sir: 

I-desire  to-ackhowledge  the  valuable  service  you- 
have  rendered  me  in-regard-to-m*y  life-insurance  mat- 
ters. 

Xot-being  identified  with-any  company,  enables  you- 
to-give  unprejudiced  advice  upon  a  subject  with-which 
the  general-public  is  but  slightly  acquainted. 

Your  state  appointments  must  carry  a  prestige,  and- 
show-a  responsibility  that-the  general-public  cannot  fail 
to-appreciate,  especially  those-who-are  investing  large- 
amounts  of-money  in-this  department  of  finance. 
Yours-respect  fully, 

W.  S.  Morrison. 


166  TINUS    SHORTHAND 

LETTER  No.  14. 

( 


L 


Messrs.  Hunter  &  Rockwell, 

•    Chicago,  Illinois. 
Gentlemen : 

The  Association  has-been  requested  by-representa- 
tives-of-the-various  charitable  organizations-of-the-city 
to-provide  them  with  information  for-their  guidance  in 
dealing  with-the  present  industrial  situation.  I-shall, 
therefore,  be  obliged  if-you-will  promptly  answer-the 
subjoined  questions,  detach  the  form  and  mail  it  to-me 
in-the  enclosed  envelope. 

Your  answer  will-be  used  for-a-general  tabulation  of 
results  only,  and  will-be  considered  strictly  confiden- 
tial. 

Yours-very-truly, 
Secretary,  Chicago  Association  of  Commerce. 


TINUS    SHORTHAND 
LETTER  No.  15. 


167 


L       —  "-> 

N^ J        (f\,  CS 

I     I /  •  y    &  ° — . 

/  / , /  «_    .        5-          c_x  \ 

/ * 

/* 

i 

*=? 

J'?'-^^/-^^^^- ""  T 


^ 


T 


_£A     ^— -o 


168 


TINUS  SHORTHAND 


Mr.  Edwin  P.  Crawford, 

Lowell,  Massachusetts. 
Dear  Sir: 

In  answer  to-your-inquiry  about  a  sinking  fund  pro- 
vision in  corporate  mortgages,  I-beg-to-say  that  when 
a  corporation  issues  its  bonds,  secured  by  a  mortgage 
or  trust  deed,  provision  is  generally  made  for-their 
ultimate  payment.  The  usual  way  is-to-establish  a 
sinking  fund;  or,  in-other-words,  set  aside-a  cer- 
tain percentage-of-the-earnings-of-the-corporation  each 
year,  for-the-purpose-of  redeeming  its  bonds  when-they 
mature. 


TINUS    SHORTHAND  169 

Some  railroads,  in-order  to  build  branch  lines,  issue 
construction  bonds  covering-the  branch  line,  and-the 
corporation  itself  guarantees-the  principal  and  interest- 
of-the-branch-line  bonds.  Such-a  guarantee  materially 
enhances-the  price  at-which  the  construction  bonds 
can-be  marketed ;  and,  also  enables-the  parties  inter- 
ested in-the  corporation  to-reserve  stock  interests  and- 
control  rather-than  dispose-of-the-stock  as-a  bonus  to- 
help  sell-the  bonds.  Such-a  guaranty  usually  makes  it 
unnecessary  for  the  corporation  to-establish  a  sinking 
fund,  because  it  reduces-the  risk  to-the-investor. 

Nearly  all  corporations  make  trust  deeds  as  follows : 
Public  utility  or  quasi-municipal  corporations,  such-as 
railway,  water,  gas,  sewer,  electric  and  power  com- 
panies. 

There-is-another  class-of  corporations  in-which  the 
legitimate  operations-of-the-company  necessarily  de- 
preciate-the  securities-of-the-bonds.  This-is  true  of 
lumbering  companies,  coal  companies,  and  stone  quarry 
companies. 

Coupons  on-the  bonds  are  made  payable  semi-annu- 
ally  as-a  rule,  and  are  generally  payable  at-some-bank 
or  trust  company  named  in-the  coupon. 

As-to-the-general  scope  and  power  of-a  trust  com- 
pany, I-may-say  that  wherever  trust  companies  are 
authorized  to-do-business,  they-are  generally  em- 
powered by  charter  to-act  as  trustee,  executor,  adminis- 
trator, assignee,  receiver,,  agent,  etc.  They  undertake 


170  TIN  US    SHORTHAND 

the  management  of  estates  of  every-kincl,  collect  rents, 
dividends,  interest,  and  coupons.  They  act  as  trustee 
under  mortgages  for  the  issue-of  bonds-and  mortgage- 
notes,  and  hold  in-escrow  securities  and  papers  pend- 
ing-the  fulfillment-of-the-agreed  conditions  stated  in- 
the  escrow  agreement.  Trust  companies  also  act-as 
registrars-of  stock  and  transfer  agents. 

Trusting  this-will-give-you  the  information  you  de- 
sire, and  if-it-does-not,  hoping  you-will-write-me  again, 
please  believe  me, 

Yours-very-truly, 

Leonard  D.  Mason. 
Bond  Dept,  American  Trust  Co. 

PRACTICE  MATTER. 
LETTER  No.  16. 

Gentlemen : 

We  would  appreciate  an  opportunity  to  figure  with 
you  on  your  forthcoming  printing. 

We  make  a  specialty  of  catalog  and  booklet  work, 
and  believe  that  our  unsurpassed  facilities  in  this  direc- 
tion would  enable  us  to  interest  you,  both  as  to  price 
and  quality  of  work. 

Our  object  is  to  please,  and  to  retain  the  good  will 
of  our  patrons. 

•  A  request  from  you  to  call  will  receive  immediate 
attention. 

Yours  very  truly. 


TINUS    SHORTHAND  171 

LETTER  No.  17. 

Gentlemen : 

We  would  like  very  much  to  figure  on  your  require- 
ments in  the  way  of  typewriter  ribbons  and  carbon 
paper,  and  would  appreciate  your  permission  to  sub- 
mit samples  of  our  goods.  You  are  no  doubt  always 
on  the  lookout  for  the  best  to  be  had  for  the  least 
money,  and  we  feel  confident  that  no  other  manufac- 
turer can  treat  you  as  well  as  ourselves.  We  trust  that 
you  will  give  us  an  opportunity  to  prove  this  statement 
by  advising  your  needs  in  our  line  and  instructing  us 
to  send  samples  and  quotations. 

Yours  very  truly, 

LETTER  No.  18. 

Gentlemen : 

We  are  now  fully  equipped  to  turn  out  everything  in 
the  line  of  index  and  record  cards,  folders  for  vertical 
files,  etc.  Quality  and  workmanship  of  the  very  high- 
est order. 

A  big,  up-to-date  plant,  with  special  patented  ma- 
chinery, affords  us  extraordinary  facilities  for  putting 
out  work  in  any  quantity,  with  great  rapidity  and  guar- 
anteed geometric  accuracy. 

Please  do  not  forget  us  when  ready  to  place  the  next 
order. 

Yours  for  business, 


172  TINUS    SHORTHAND 

LETTER  No.  19. 

Gentlemen : 

After  considerable  delay,  we  have  discovered  that  the 
penholders  on  which  you  desire  prices,  are  made  under 
a  certain  patent,  which  we  do  not  care  to  infringe, 
therefore,  we  return  the  samples.  If  you  desire  these 
in  quantities,  we  will  be  pleased  to  put  you  in  communi- 
cation with  the  patentee. 

Yours  very  truly, 

LETTER  Xo.  20. 

Dear  Sir: 

We  take  this  opportunity  of  offering  to  you  the  serv- 
ices of  the  First  National  Bank  and  its  affiliated  corpo- 
rations, the  First  Trust  and  Savings  Bank,  and  the 
National  Safe  Deposit  Company. 

We  wish  to  direct  your  attention  particularly  to  the 
specialization  of  our  Loan  Department,  whereby  each 
line  of  business  represented  by  our  clients  has  the  direct 
personal  attention  of  two  experienced  bankers.  This 
arrangement  is  giving  considerable  satisfaction  to  our 
customers  for  very  obvious  reasons. 

We  always  cordially  welcome  the  business  of  con- 
servative people,  and  have  no  doubt  should  you  find 
it  convenient  to  identify  yourself  with  our  institution 
that  the  relation  thus  established  will  prove  mutually 
advantageous  and  agreeable. 

Yours  very  truly, 


Shorthand  Numerals 
and  Reporting 


LESSON  ELEVEN. 


SHORTHAND  NUMERALS. 

Shorthand  writers  have  always  experienced  great 
difficulty  in  the  rapid  and  accurate  recording  of  figures. 
This  is  particularly  true  where  numerous  large  amounts 
are  involved,  as  in  the  taking  of  estimates,  specifica- 
tions, speeches  or  expert  testimony,  etc.,  which  cover  a 
wide  range  of  statistics. 

Shorthand  numerals,  when  carefully  written,  are  just 
as  reliable  as  figures.  They  can  be  written  many  times 
faster  than  figures,  and  are  much  more  legible  than 
poorly  made  figures. 

Ten  and  eleven  are  struck  upward.  All  the  other 
numerals  are  written  downward,  or  to  the  right. 

In  practicing  the  numerals,  a  sharp  distinction  should 
be  made  between  the  straight  and  curved  strokes. 

Special  attention  should  be  given  to  the  length  of 
the  short  strokes  for  twenty,  thirty,  etc.,  particularly 
when  they  are  joined  to  other  strokes. 

In  joining  'one  to  other  strokes,  use  the  form  that 
makes  the  better  angle. 

These  numerals  may  be  learned  and  successfully 
used  without  the  writer  having  any  further  knowledge 


174  TIN  US    SHORTHAND 

of  the  shorthand  system  of  which  they  form  a  part. 

When  necessary,  or  desirable,  these  numerals  may  be 
distinguished  from  the  shorthand  forms  for  words  by 
leaving  a  space  both  before  and  after  them,  or  by  draw- 
ing a  curved  connecting  line  under  them. 

These  numerals  should  be  practiced  until  they  can  be 
written  with  the  same  degree  of  ease  and  precision  as 
is  usual  in  writing  figures,  then  their  wonderful  brevity 
and  usefulness  wall  be  most  apparent. 


THE    NUMERALS. 
1  2          3        4        5         6          7          8        9        10        11        12 

The  syllable  teen  is  expressed  with  a  loop. 

I ~~. J... <- >-. ^ ^ 

13  H  15  16  17  18          19 


Shorten  the  numerals  for  20,  30,  etc. 

If  under  the  stress  of  speed  a  shortened  stroke 
should  appear  too  long,  the  outline  need  not  be  rewrit- 
ten ;  but  the  stroke  may  be  dotted,  as  shown  in  90  in  the 
illustration. 

_.._ / )  ^-       __JL  __..._->          S_       >          —       ... 

20  30        40  50  60  70         80  90 


TINUS    SHORTHAND  175 

Use  the  v  hook  for  five  as  in  : 

-----  £.  ____  ............  )  ................  V-T?  ............  C/....  •—>..   .V»      .....  .~->  ..........  .TT?  .- 

25  3.-)  -43  55  65  75  85  95 

Double  length  for  repeated  figures,  except  55.  In 
doubling  for  99,  make  a  slight  offset  between  strokes 
as  shown  in  the  illustrations. 

22  33  44  66  77  88  99 

Hundred,  thousand,  million,  billion,  in  whole  num- 
bers, are  expressed  by  .  ...P.  /  .7-^.  .....  <£....  ,  respectively. 

_  ............   (.       .  ....     ^rf       .  ^TT-  -  .   .     —  T3JI  f 

I  V 

200  4,000       1,000,000      9,000,000,000       100,000 

Hundred  may  be  joined  to  the  outline  for  10,  12,  13, 
etc.  ;  20,  30,  etc.  ;  25,  35,  etc.,  the  same  as  on  simple 
strokes,  thereby  expressing  the  amount  in  terms  of  100. 


1000        1200        2000        1500        4500 

Thousand,  million,  billion,  etc.,  must  be  disjoined  and 
placed  to  the  right  of  the  outline  when  following  the 
loo{>,  hook,  shortened  or  lengthened  strokes.. 


19,000      15,000,000      20,000      690,000,000,000 


176  Tf.\US    SHORTHAND 

566,000       133,000,000       95,000       175,000 

Each  separate  outline,  except  the  first,  indicates 
three  figures;  therefore,  thousand,  million,  billion,  etc., 
need  not  be  written  except  when  one  or  more  complete 
periods  of  three  figures  each  are  represented  by  ciphers, 
that  is,  not  spoken. 

J  j£r  A0     >^  ..      )  —  r£_  Sy?  >*if~/.  3.  /  ~~$-s  _ 

......  ~/^"~  .....^^.....^.^  ..... 

5,209,702,107  3,917,426  4,002,030  2,895 


10,000,000,200    .  4,000,200,509  5,000,900  1,040 

Frequently  numbers  are  read  as  follows:  Ten 
forty-five;  twenty  ninety-two;  or  three-si.v-fiie-one- 
ninc,  etc.  These  amounts  are  written  exactly  as  they 
are  heard,  as  is  shown  by  the  following  illustrations. 
When  necessary  to  break  the  outline,  use  the  hyphen. 


10  45'      20  92      36519      506,912     95  25  15 

Fractions  are  expressed  in  the  usual  way,  by  writing 
one  figure  above  another,  and  writing  the  first  figure 
above  the  line.  The  strokes  are  joined  when  the  nume- 
rator is  one. 


TIN  US    SHORTHAND  177 


1/2    1/11    1/15    1/25    1/60    1/200    1/1000 

..............  =t-^r  ..............  £  ..................  4  .................  2:  .....................................  4 

3/4   4/5     5/6   9/12     4/100     1500/10,000 

Ordinals  are  indicated  by  a  brief  retraced  stroke,  as  : 

_.__  ......  $  ...........  /  ............  ;.  ............  >^  ...........  A  .............  ^  ............  s*  .......  ^v........^  ............ 

1st       2nd       3rd       4th       5th       6th       7th       8th       9th 

S  in  5's,  6's,  7's,  etc.;  also  in  the  plurals  forties,  six- 
ties, etc.,  is  indicated  by  a  circle  as  : 

................  A  .....................  :<«S  ................  V:  .......................  .«  ................  -....A  ..............  _....:£  ................. 

5's          6's          7's          forties          fifties       nineties 

From,  and  to,  as  in  the  following  examples,  are  indi- 
cated by  placing  the  second  figure  below  the  line  and 
to  the  right. 

......  )  .............  ^""""7 

from   2   to   3  from    10   to   15 

..............  _  ................  8.  ......  .       -r?     .. 

/  ( 

from    100    to    200  from    900    to    1,000 

Or  is  indicated  by  placing  the  second  figure  below  the 
line  and  immediately  under  the  first. 

_  /_  ......  .......  <  ......  ......  J,.  ...... 

)  ^  -» 

2  or  3  10  or  15  55  or  65 


178  TINUS    SHORTHAM) 

o" ',-^> p 

90  or  100      5th  or  Gth      10th  llth  or  12th 

Feet  and  inches  are  expressed  with  the  brief  signs. 
The  signs  for  inches  may  be  omitted  from  3  feet  4 
inches,  and  feet  or  inches  from  the  first  number  in  0 
feet  by  8  feet,  or  2  inches  by  4  inches.  A  short  slant- 
ing tick  is  written  for  by. 


y    / 

(' 

_,_.../'      ...       . 

3'   10" 

9'  by  12' 

20"  by  25" 

—  '/"                  — 

„ 

6'  4"  by  9'   11"  4'   or   5'          from  19'  to  20' 

Dollars  are  expressed  by  ds,  joined  if  convenient ; 
cents  by  writing  the  numerals  above  the  line.  Ds  may 
be  omitted  when  the  amount  expresses  both  dollars  and 
cents. 


$70.00 

15  cents          30  cents                 4  cents 

7 

$9,000       $230.28       $901.70      $11,515,699.32 

O'clock  is  expressed  with  a  large  circle.  Minutes  in 
combination  with  hours  as  in  -ZO  :30,  11 :15,  etc.,  are  ex- 
pressed by  writing  the  numerals  joined,  the  same  as  in 


TINUS    SHORTHAND  179 

writing  other  numerals  when  spoken  in  couplets.  The 
context  will  easily  determine  for  which  denomination 
they  were  written. 

i  to  12  o'clock  ....&  .....  6.  .....  (L_sJ2_(^y±lxJ<jJ 


4  or  5  o'clock        from  10  to  11  o'clock  5:15 

from    11    o'clock   to   12:20  from    9:45   to   10:10 

Per  cent  is  expressed  by  a  circle,  written  above  or  to 
the  right  of  the  numeral.  - 


6%  10%        300%     1000% 

In  order  to  give  greater  distinctness  to  the  outlines 
and  to  avoid  the  possibility  of  a  conflict  with  the 
doubled  numerals  for  33,  77,  and  88,  the  numbers  32, 
7,9,  and  98  are  written  with  the  forms  of  the  second 
numeral  in  each  slightly  modified,  giving  them  a  hook 
joining  as  follows: 


32  79  98 


180. 


TINUS    SHORTHAND 


NUMERALS,  1  TO  !>'.'. 


Join  hundred  on  the  right  side  of  2  and  12;  also  on 
the  upper  side  of  9,  except  before  10  and  /  /. 


f  ........  { 


k,  .........  t- 


TINUS    SHORTHAND  181 

EVEN  HUNDREDS,  THOUSANDS,  ETC. 

100  to  900        -—ft A- •*•   >*# ^ .<T» ^ ~^- -^?. 


1,000  to  9,000      •( /   / >-* / ^-?- 

10,000  to  19,000   .-ft S{  -I  ...A  .  ...>^...,.^/  ..<- 

20,000  to  90,000    ..^r >/.  ..._...~y ....  V/ -y 

100,000  to  900,000  /?. / ^. ^ 


AMOUNTS 

I     "?(  t   T 
EXPRESSED  IN 

••*•-••»  ^™i  —  *•»•-•-• 
TERMS  OF  100. 

S 

1000 

"~S>         1600 

J^              3391 

/* 

1100 

^          1700 

^~°              2095 

I 

1200 

"^         1800 

—  y            9705 

> 

1300 

—f>        1900 

V^c_,          7704 

^e 

1400 

^'          2000 

<P~^             1506 

J 

1500 

^2>          4500 

_<R               1908 

ORDINALS. 

10th 

to  19th 

...x.z:  i  i  ^ 

_,       J              \fe     ~^    __te 

20th  to  29th         /  /  /  /  L*.  ^..A.-.A..../  Lr^... 

182 


y 


130 

f    111 
I— N^   147 
c<    508 
702 
519 
366 

cX_   599 
(  /-   1  209 
^  c   4,001 
/"  e?   11,115 
t  /    25,002 
<^  J   55,535 
^  x_^   100,004 
« —  <^~-  104,206 


315,625 
5,000,010 


C 
/ 


TINUS    SHORTHAND 
NUMERAL  PRACTICE. 

^  *~*>  *— '  :.'5.006,004 

10,000,200,000 

1/4 

1/10,000 

109  1/2 

46  4/100 

35  10/1000 

655  991/100,000 

$.01 

$2.00 

$5.50 

$64.00 

$200.00 

$475.38 

$10,030.99 

$14,312.94 

4  or  $500. 


TINUS    SHORTHAND  183 

LETTER  No.  21. 


JL 


Dear  Sir: 

Your  letter  in  regard  to  C.  M.  &  St.  P.  baggage 
car  5972,  duly  received.  This  car  was  badly  damaged 
and  we  hereto  attach  list  of  repairs  used,  as  you  sug- 
gest. 

I  am  pleased  to  inform  you  that  express  car  9458; 
combination  car  5311  ;  also  mail  car  1095  are  ready  for 
shipment  and  will  leave  the  shops  tonight. 

Yours  truly, 

LETTER  No.  22. 


/ 

J  •-" 


Dear  Sir: 

The  shipment  referred  to  in  yours  of  the  9th  inst., 
covered  by  waybill  592,  on  Janesville,  Wis.,  arrived 
at  this  place  November  5th,  in  C.  M.  &  St.  P.  car,  91,- 
564,  all  doors  sealed  under  seals  255,  and  was  transfer- 
red to  C.  &  N.  W.  car  62611. 

No  shortage  was  shown  on  the  waybill,  and  the  same 
was  passed  O.  K. 

Yours  truly, 

LETTER  No.  23. 


;  -4-  ~~v      ~      t~-~'    "-*  •••<""*>    /  ' 


Dear  Sir: 

As  requested,,  we  herein  advise  you  that  we  made 
shipment  on  4  of  your  orders  today  as  follows :  Ordei 
No.  25911,  ovals,  4608  Ibs. ;  25912,  squares,  891  Ibs. ; 
25913,  angles,  3595  Ibs.;  and,  25914,  flats,  862  Ibs., 
making  a  total  of  9956  Ibs. 

The  material  went  forward  in  C.  B.  &  O.  car  56975, 
waybill  8514.  Yours  truly, 


TINUS    SHORTHAND  185 

EXERCISE  19. 

/ » 


During  1907  merchandise  to  the  value  of  $1,423,- 
326,680  was  brought  into  the  United  States  —  an  in- 
crease of  $102,825,108  over  1904.  The  total  of  exports 
for  the  year  was  $1,923,498,434,  a  gain  of  $125,255,000 
over  1906. 

During  1907  gold  to  the  value  of  $143,398,066  was 
brought  to  this  country,  while  only  $55,215,681  in  the 
yellow  metal  was  sent  abroad,  an  excess  in  favor  of  im- 
ports of  $88,182,385. 

Silver  showed  an  excess  in  exports  of  $15,613,877. 


EXERCISE  20. 


.....  7 


186  TIN  US    SHORTHAND 


The  roads  which  the  former  banker  controls  are  the 
Southern  Indiana,  which  has  issued  $10,000,000  com- 
mon stock  and  $1,000,000  preferred,  and  has  a  bond 
issue  of  .$4,500,000;  the  Chicago  Southern  Railway 
Company,  which  has  $1,500,000  common  stock  and 
$4,000,000  bonds;  the  Illinois  Southern,  with  an 
authorized  first  mortgage  bond  issue  of  $5,000,000,  and 
the  Wisconsin  and  Michigan  with  a  funded  debt  of  $1,- 
000,000. 

EXERCISE  21. 


/  ^ 

v  ~-A -?  =?  -..  <  -7 

1 T~-t '/ 


TL\US    SHORTHAND  187 


^•N-^-. 


xA.  governmental  report  shows  that  there  are  2,151,- 
570  miles  of  public  roads  in  the  United  States,  and  of 
these  153,662  are  improved.  Of  such  the  largest  num- 
ber of  miles  23,877  are  in  Indiana,  23,460  in  Ohio,  10,- 
633  in  Wisconsin,  9,486  in  Kentucky,  and  8,803  in  Cali- 
fornia ;  over  7,000  in  each  of  Illinois,  Massachusetts  and 
Michigan ;  over  6,000  in  Minnesota,  over  5,000  in  New 
York,  over  4,000  in  Tennessee,  over  2,000  miles  each  in 
Connecticut,  Maine,  Missouri,  New  Jersey,  Oregon, 
Pennsylvania  and  Texas,  and  over  1,000  miles  each  in 
Alabama,  Georgia,  Iowa,  Maryland,  New  Hampshire. 
North  Carolina,  Rhode  Island,  South  Carolina,  Ver- 
mont and  Washington.  The  total  expenditures  up  to 
1904  were  $79,771,417.89. 


LESSON  TWELVE. 


REPORTING. 

It  is  a  laudable  ambition  for  any  stenographer  to  de- 
sire to  become  a  reporter.  A  stenographer  may  be  able 
to  write  letters,  or  other  matter  pertaining  to  a  certain 
line  of  business,  at  a  high  rate  of  speed,  owing  to  his 
familiarity  with  the  terms  used,  and  yet  be  unable  to 
make  a  correct  report  of  a  slowly  delivered  address,  in 
which  the  vocabulary  differs  widely  from  that  to  which 
he  is  accustomed. 

The  stenographer  who  is  desirous  of  becoming  a  re- 
porter, should  constantly  study  to  broaden  his  short- 
hand vocabulary,  and  to  learn  the  meaning  of  new 
words ;  also  strive,  at  every  opportunity,  to  increase 
his  fund  of  general  information. 

Court  reporting  is  generally  considered  the  highest 
attainment  in  shorthand  writing.  It  requires  the  high- 
est rates  of  speed  and  a  considerable  knowledge  of  the 
law.  To  follow  a  rapid  speaker  and  record  every  word 
uttered  in  such  form  that  it  can  be  correctly  tran- 
scribed, requires  great  skill  and  unusual  ability. 


TIN  US    SHORTHAND  189 

The  stenographer  who  aspires  to  be  a  court  reporter 
should,  if  possible,  associate  himself  with  some  law 
firm  where  he  can  become  familiar  with  the  vocabulary 
of  the  law  and  of  legal  phraseology,  and  devote  his 
spare  time  to  practice  for  speed  and  in  the  study  of  the 
short  outlines  and  phrases  used  in  court  work. 

He  should  also  practice  diligently  on  reading  his 
notes,  especially  those  that  have  been  rapidly  written. 
Court  reporters  are  called  upon  constantly  to  read  por- 
tions of  their  notes  in  court,  and  this  must  be  done  both 
correctly  and  rapidly.  Much  valuable  information 
may  be  gained  by  attending  court  proceedings  and  ob- 
serving what  is  being  done  by  reporters  in  actual  prac- 
tice. 

The  following  plates  show  the  usual  method  of  tak- 
ing testimony.  The  vertical  lines  assist  the  reporter 
to  indicate  the  questions  and  answers  without  writing 
these  words,  also  to  indicate  what  is  said  by  the  oppos- 
ing counsel  or  the  judge. 

Testimony  is  divided  .into  direct  examination,  re-di- 
rect examination,  cross  examination,  re-cross  examina- 
tion, etc.  The  examination  taken  should  be  indicated 
in  the  third  column.  Remarks  by  the  Court,  or  pre- 
siding officer  begin  in  the  first  space  to  the  extreme 
left.  The  second  space  for  the  remarks  or  questions 
by  the  examining  counsel,  the  third  for  the  opposing 
counsel,  and  the  fourth  for  the  witness.  It  will  acid 
clearness  to  the  pages  of  notes  to  begin  each  answer 


190  TINUS    SHORTHAND 

on  a  new  line.  Some  reporters  reverse  the  positions  of 
the  Court  and  witness.  This  is  a  matter  of  individual 
taste.  When  a  statement  extends  beyond  the  first  line, 
each  succeeding  line  begins  from  the  space  allotted,  to 
the  one  speaking.  The  first  time  a  counsel  speaks 
his  surname  should  precede  his  remarks.  If  two  coun- 
sel appear  for  either  side,  begin  the  remarks  of  the 
second  in  the  space  allotted  to  his  side,  and  introduce 
the  same  by  writing  in  shorthand  the  name  of  the 
speaker.  When  the  counsel  change  from  objecting  to 
examining  counsel,  and  vice  versa,  change  their  posi- 
tions upon  the  note  book,  and  insert  the  surname  pre- 
ceding the  first  remark.  The  language  of  witnesses 
should  be  taken  verbatim.  A  narrow  page  is  the  most 
desirable  for  reporting. 


TINUS    SHORTHAND 
REPORTING    CONTRACTIONS. 


191 


9 

A 

perpetual 
Episcopal 

^5         architect-ure-al 
^"^       Almighty 

<7 

benevolent 

•si——^     agriculture 

y 

benevolence 

^-^-  —  '    horticulture 

f 

auspicious 

~~%         repugnant 

Y 

baptise-m 

*           particularize 

t-^r 

plenipotentiary 

remembrance 

c_ 

Parliament 

^S        juxtaposition 

^ 

executor 

malignant 

-v. 

executrix 

/         ordinance 

—  ^-» 

administratrix 

"~?        Catholic-ism 

«x 

aristocrat-cy 

t-  —      democrat-ic 

•^ 

sanctify 

Z—e       democracy 

<w 

sanctity 

—  —  1      impartial 

XT 

jurisprudence 

—  landlord 

^ 

artificial-ly 

o7        thanksgiving 

"-7, 

archbishop 

-^         indignant 

192 


TINUS    SHORTHAND 


Vj—  > 

evangelical 

^^ 

archangel 

-r 

misdemeanor 

<f 

chapter 

c— 

prerogative 

-^ 

infinite 

"^ 

Rev.  (reverend) 

^~ 

infinitesimal 

Roman  Catholic 

J 

orthodox 

^ 

Savior 

-*S" 

nondescript 

y 

philosophy 

r 

indicted 

/ 

predicate 

7 

indiscriminate 

2 

covenant 

7 

independent 

* 

designate 

7 

,    indispensable 

^ 

perpendicular 

/ 

delinquent 

c~_ 

preliminary 

7 

equivalent 

TINUS    SHORTHAND  193 

WORDSIGN    DERIVATIVES. 

The  following  illustrations  will  serve  to  show  how 
the  derivatives  of  all  wordsigns  may  be  written.  Notice 
that  neither  the  form  nor  position  of  the  wordsign  is 
changed  in  writing  its  derivatives ;  therefore  no  memo- 
rizing is  necessary ;  simply  prefix  or  add  the  extra  let- 
ters, syllables,  etc.,  in  accordance  with  regular  prin- 
ciples. 

All  derivatives  of  the  word  advertise  are  given,  while 
of  the  other  words  only  such  forms  are  given  as  will 
show  additions  that  do  not  appear  in  the  first  complete 
list.  Some  of  the  outlines  combine  two  forms,  as  un 
and  ble  in  unquestionable.  The  wordsigns  are  printed 
in  capital  letters. 

/  ADVERTISE  ^  QUESTION 

/  advertises  unquestionable 

2  advertising  ^^  crossquestion 

I  advertised  /  DELIVER 

Z^  advertiser  /  delivery 

L  advertisers  /,  deliverance 

I  advertisee  f  redeliver 

advertisement  T  REPRESENT 


194 


TINUS    SHORTHAND 


t 


representative 

"-  —  1-°     largeness 

misrepresentation 

'  —  "—^      enlarge 

REMARK 

£         POSSIBLE 

remarkableness 

^T         impossible 

ADVANTAGE 

6^         impossibility 

advantageous 

REGULAR 

disadvantage 

^~~C_       irregularity 

HOPE 

6           PUBLIC 

hopeful 

£—         republican 

hopeless 

<^-°          republicanism 

hopefulness 

^           SIGNIFY 

hopelessness 

*        significancy 

LARGE 

*^       insignificant 

largest 

INTEREST 

largely 

tininterestingly 

TINUS    SHORTHAND 


195 


PHRASE  PRACTICE. 

The,  following  list  affords  an  excellent  drill  on  the 
phrase-signs :  yon-are,  who-are,  you-zvere;  also,  are- 
you,  and  we re-you. 

Occasionally  a  sign  may  be  reversed  to  aid  in  join- 
ing, when  its  meaning  is  apparent  by  the  context.  Note, 
there,  in  the  phrase,  you-were-therc ;  also,  were-you,  in 
the  phrase,  you-wcre-thcrc-wcre-you. 


•-7 

^i 
I 

I 

s 


you-are 

you-are-not 

you-are-not-sure 

you-were 

you-were-not-ther.e 

you-were-there 

who-are 

who-are-your 

who-are-they 

who-were 

who-were-there 

who-were-they 


(        are-you 

{        are-you-sure 

were-you 
(       were-you-there 

you-were-there- 

were-you 

you-were-not-there- 
were-you 

what-were-you-doing 

why-were-you-there 
where-were-you 

where-were-you-then 

wlien-were-you 
vvhen-were-you-there 


196  TINUS    SHORTHAND 

COURT   PHRASES. 

The  following  list  contains  a  few  expressions  which 
occur  frequently  in  court  work.  A  complete  list,  com- 
prising several  hundred  court  phrases,  may  be  found  in 
the  Tinus  Practical  Phrase  Book. 

&-        what  is  your  name  Cl — vj       circumstantial  evi- 

dence 
'    where  do  you  live  ^  n        under   the   circum- 

stances 
t  how  old  are  you  vS        plaintiff's   attorney 

<  What  is  your  business  */       defendant's   attorney 


S  state  where  you   were  fr*  testimony 

^  state  whether  or  not  «^"  defendant's  testimony 

C^  / 

^  ofo*Q  ,,.1^1,0..  *v,/»,r  o^  «* 7  direct    examination 


state  whether  they  are 

^^^      how   long   have   you          J- 7      re-direct     examination 

(  been   there 

'—& 7     cross    examination 

(_?—>       to  the   best  of  your 

~  knowledge 

•*"!       yes  or  no  S— ^3 7   re-cross    examination 


Supreme    Court 


counsel   for  the  plain- 


t'ff 
^a-—  ^ 

are  you  the  plaintiff  &         objection  sustained 


w^        District  Court  ^a-—  ^       counsel    for   the    de- 

fendant 


( 

/         are  you  the  defendant        <^_      objection    overruled 
^*-N     by   the   Court  e/^       District   attorney 


TINUS    SHORTHAND  197 

TESTIMONY. 


-*- 


/.< 


.._/?... 


/ 

""" 


A 


198  TINUS    SHORTHAND 


.t  x 


T 


,^~ 


tr  *- 


if" 


""S" 


*=~-fc - 


.y<- 


TIXUS    SHORTHAND 


199 


~J   <- 

^  --T 


/ 


/' 


'  C 


t. :.. 


-- 

.......  f-  " 


200  TINUS    SHORTHAND 

Direct  Examination  by  Charles  Perkins. 

Q.  What  is  your  name  ?    A.  Joseph  G.  Meyers. 

Q.  How  old  are  you  ?    A.  I  am  38. 

Q.  Where  do  you  live?  A.  291  Park  Ave.,  Chi- 
cago. 

O.  How  long  have  you  lived  in  Chicago?  A.  25 
years. 

Q.  What  is  your  business,  Mr.  Meyers?  A.  I  am 
in  the  manufacturing  business. 

Q.  Do  you  know  the  Western  Manufacturing  and 
Storage  Company?  A.  Yes,  sir. 

Q.  Are  you  an  officer  in  that  company?  A.  Yes, 
sir. 

Q.  What  office  do  you  hold?     A.  Secretary. 

Q.  This  suit,  Mr.  Meyers,  was  commenced  on  the 
15th  of  October,  1907.  What  office  did  you  hold  in  the 
plaintiff  corporation  at  that  time  ?  A.  I  was  temporary 
secretary.  I  cannot  say  positively  whether  or  not  I 
was  permanent  secretary  at  that  time. 

The  Court.  The  Court  strikes  out  all  the  evidence 
on  this  subject  except  as  to  whether  or  not  the  witness 
was  acting  secretary. 

Q.  You  were  acting  secretary  at  that  time  ?    A.  Yes. 

Mr.  Brown.  We  object.  .  It  is  a  leading  question — 
it  is  attempting  to  prove  the  existence  of  a  corporation 
at  that  time. 

The  Court.    The  objection  is  overruled. 

Mr.  Brown.    We  take  an  exception. 

Q.  Do  you  know  where  their  manufacturing  works 


TIXUS    SHORTHAND  201 

were  located  at  the  time? 

Mr.  Brown.  We  object.  It  is  assuming  that  there 
was  a  manufacturing  plant. 

The  Court.    The  objection  is  sustained. 

Q.  Describe  to  the  Court  the  building  that  was  lo- 
cated upon  that  property  at  that  time,  the  15th  day  of 
October,  1907. 

Mr.  Brown.  We  object,  because  the  question  as- 
sumes that  there  were  buildings  on  the  property  at  that 
time. 

The  Court.  What  buildings,  Mr.  Meyers,  if  any, 
were  upon  the  property  in  controversy,  October  15, 
1907?  A.  I  believe  that  there  was  only  one  building. 

Q.  What  kind  of  a  building  was  it — how  large  was 
it  ?  A.  It  was  a  shop  about  150  by  200  feet. 

Q.  What  was  done  with  the  material  that  was  manu- 
factured there?  A.  It  was  sold  to  customers. 

Q.  Who  received  the  proceeds  of  the  sale  ?  A.  The 
Western  Manufacturing  and  Storage  Company. 

Q.  State  whether  or  not  that  was  true  of  all  material 
that  was  manufactured  there?  A.  Yes,  sir,  it  was. 

Q.  Do  you  know  of  any  buildings  being  put  upon 
that  property  after  that  time,  any  further  buildings 
since  the  15th  of  October,  1907?  A.  Yes,  sir.  • 

Q.  Describe  them  to  the  Court  ? 

The  Court.  That  was  after  this  suit  was  com- 
menced ? 

Q.  Yes ;  but  not  after  the  filing  of  this  additional 
further  paragraph. 


202 


TINUS    SHORTHAND 
GENERAL  REPORTING. 


«. 

' 


TIXUS    SHORTHAND 


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204  TIXUS    'SHORTHAND 

CURR  KXC  V  K  LAST  I C  IT  Y. 

"The  only  weakness  in  our  currency  is  want  of 
elasticity.  The  root  of  the  evil  which  we  experience 
at  frequent  intervals  is  not  an  inadequate  volume  of 
circulation,  but  a  want  of  responsiveness  in  the  volume 
of  circulating  medium.  A  currency  which  fails  to 
contract  when  money  is  plentiful  and  cheap,  will,  of 
course,  fail  to  expand  when  money  is  scarce  and  dear. 

Credit  currency,  by  which  I  mean  currency  against 
which  no  collateral  is  demanded,  is  the  only  elastic 
currency  known  to  man.  Much  has  been  said  in  favor 
of  the  adoption  of  a  system  of  credit  currency  in  this 
country.  If  we  were  creating  a  new  system  I  am  in- 
clined to  think  it  would  be  the  one  adopted.  It  is  logi- 
cal and  in  every  way  reasonable. 

Xaturally,  unrestricted  credit  currency  is  elastic.  Xo 
more  is  issued  than  is  needed,  and  when  it  is  no  longer 
needed  it  retires  automatically.  There  are  several 
reasons,  however,  why  the  system  must  not  be  adopted 
in  its  entirety  in  this  country,  and  every  reason  for 
safeguarding  in  several  ways  whatever  issue  may  be 
authorized. 

The  bill  recently  reported  from  the  committee  on 
banking  and  currency  of  the  House,  authorizes  a  maxi- 
mum issue  of  a  fraction  over  $200,000,000.  If  every 
national  bank  in  the  United  States  should  avail  itself  of 
this  privilege,  and  if  the  authorized  issue  should 
prove  relatively  as  responsive  to  the  changing  needs  of 


TIXUS    SHORTHAND  205 

business  as  does  the  credit  currency  of  Canada,  there 
would  be  an  annual  contraction  of  about  fifty  millions 
in  bank  note  currency  between  the  maximum  issue  in 
the  fall  and  the  minimum  issue  of  midsummer,  and  a 
corresponding  fifty  million  increase  in  the  bank  note 
circulation  when  the  crop  moving  period  arrived.  I 
believe  the  proposed  measure  wholly  inadequate. '' 

BUSINESS  ON  THE  GREAT  LAKES,  1907. 

"Traffic  movements  on  the  Great  Lakes  during  No- 
vember, as  measured  by  the  volume  of  shipments  from 
the  various  lake  ports,  totaled  8,970,748  net  tons,  com- 
pared with  8,594,533  net  tons  shipped  during  Novem- 
ber, 1906,  and  7,402,414  net  tons  shipped  during 
November,  1905. 

Figures  of  coastwise  arrivals  at  lake  ports  during 
November,  6,968  vessels,  of  10,555,747  net  tons  regis- 
ter, indicate  a  smaller  vessel  movement  than  during 
November,  1906,  when  7,132  vessels  of  9,682,608  net 
tons  were  reported ;  though  the  tonnage  of  these  ves- 
sels is  over  9  per  cent  in  excess  of  the  corresponding 
November,  1906,  total. 

Vessel  arrivals  for  the  eleven  months  of  the  year, 
72,249  in  number,  and  comprising  97,128,233  net  tons, 
show  a  considerable  increase  over  the  corresponding 
1906  figures  of  74,982  vessels  of  90,548,825  net  tons. 

Of  the  westbound  traffic  for  the  month  933,414  net 
tons  is  represented  by  soft  coal,  218,924  net  tons  by 


206  TINUS    SHORTHAND 

hard  coal,  and  133,188  net  tons  by  general  merchan- 
dise. 

Of  the  total  freight  reported  for  the  season  ending 
November,  44,832,834  net  tons  was  eastbound  and  12,- 
252,734  net  tons  westbound. 

The  wheat  movement,  84,660,779  bushels,  likewise 
shows  a  considerable  gain  over  the  corresponding  1906 
and  1905  figures  of  73,371,203  bushels  and  54,831,751 
bushels. 

The  total  eastward  lumber  movement,  644,758,000 
feet,  was  27  per  cent  and  32  per  cent  below  the  corre- 
sponding 1906  and  1905  figures." 

PRACTICE  MATTER. 
ELECTRIFICATION    OF    RAILWAYS. 

"If  electrification  shall  take  place  on  the  vast  scale 
it  is  expected  to  it  will  affect  business  conditions  widely 
and  deeply.  It  will  cause  a  great  expansion  and  ex- 
traordinary prosperity  in  the  electrical  supplies  manu- 
facture. It  will  make  a  heavy  demand  upon  and  be 
proportionately  profitable  to  the  iron  and  steel  industry. 
It  will  give  employment  at  high  wages  to  many  thou- 
sands of  workingmen.  There  is  hardly  an  industry  or 
a  class  of  the  people  that  will  not  directly  or  indirectly 
gain  something  by  it. 

The  railroads  will  not  have  enough  money  of  their 
own  with  which  to  make  this  gigantic  improvement. 


TIXUS    SHORTHAND  207 

They  will  have  to  go  into  the  market  and  borrow  most 
of  it.  That  will  be  good  for  investors,  for  it  will  enable 
them  to  put  into  the  comparatively  safe  securities  of 
railways  money  that  they  might  otherwise  put  into 
risky  'industrials'  or  other  speculations.  There  will 
be  some  danger  connected  with  the  railways'  financial 
operations,  as  there  is  with  all  such  operations  on  a 
big  scale.  The  United  States  has  suffered  at  times 
by  sinking  its  capital  too  fast  in  railway  and  other 
fixed  investments.  But  if  present  prosperous  condi- 
tions here  and  abroad  continue,  it  should  be  possible  to 
set  aside  enough  capital  to  finance  railway  electrifica- 
tion, and  still  leave  plenty  to  carry  on  every  legitimate 
business." 

BANKING. 

"When  a  bank  is  to  be  opened,  the  people  incorporat- 
ing or  starting  it,  called  stockholders,  subscribe  and 
pay  in  a  certain  amount  of  money  called  capital,  and 
sometimes  an  additional  sum,  called  surplus,  which 
money  must  be  paid  in  full  before  the  bank  is  per- 
mitted to  open  for  business.  So  after  a  bank  is  started 
and  receiving  deposits,  it  has  in  the  form  of  money, 
not  only  the  amount  received  from  its  customers,  but 
the  money  already  obtained  from  its  stockholders  in 
the  form  of  capital  and  surplus.  As  explained  later, 
the  money  is  loaned  upon  the  judgment  of  the  officers 
of  the  bank,  together  with  the  advice  and  sanction  of 


208  T1XUS    SHORTHAND 

its  directors,  and  the  stability  and  character  of  the 
bank  rests  largely  upon  the  character  and  convertibility 
of  its  loans  and  securities.  A  banker  should  always 
remember  that  a  bank  is  merely  the  trustee  of  other 
people's  money. 

My  first  suggestion  would  be  never  to  open  an 
account  with  a  bank  which  is  not  incorporated  and 
subject  to  the  inspection  of  the  state  bank  examiner. 
All  banks  doing  business  under  a  state  charter  must 
make  sworn  statements  at  frequent  intervals  to  the 
Auditor  of  Public  Accounts  of  the  state,  and  the  law 
requires  that  these  statements  be  published." 

BILL  TO   REVISK   COl'VRICHT   LAWS. 

"The  two  committees  on  patents  have  complied  with 
the  recommendations  of  the  President  in  his  annual 
message  and  have  agreed  upon  a  bill  to  revise  the 
copyright  laws,  which  will  be  reported  to  the  Senate 
and  House  of  Representatives  simultaneously.  The 
two  committees  have  given  three  joint  hearings  to  the 
persons  and  interests  affected  by  the  proposed  law,  two 
in  Xew  York  and  one  in  Washington,  at  which  were 
represented  authors,  publishers,  dramatists,  play- 
wrights, newspaper  managers,  magazine  companies, 
painters,  sculptors,  architects,  photographers,  publish- 
ers of  artistic  reproductions,  composers  and  publishers 
of  music,  printers  and  lithographers,  educational  insti- 
tutions, public  libraries,  the  American  Bar  Association 


TINUS    SHORTHAND  209 

and  other  legal  organizations,  the  International  Adver- 
tising Association,  the  librarian  of  congress,  the  regis- 
trar of  copyrights,  the  commissioner  of  patents,  the 
Department  of  Justice  of  the  government,  and  the  cus- 
toms division  of  the  Treasury  Department.  All  of 
these  persons  and  organizations  were  allowed  to  ex- 
press their  views,  suggest  and  object,  advise  and 
criticise,  and  seldom  was  a  subject  more  thoroughly 
ventilated  from  all  points  of  view.  If  the  committees 
go  wrong  it  will  not  be  for  a  lack  of  information. 

There  were  some  lively  controversies.  The  most 
difficult  task  of  the  committees  has  been  to  settle  a 
three-cornered  fight  betwen  the  composers  and  pub- 
lishers of  music  and  the  mechanical  piano  men,  which 
was  satisfactorily  compromised  by  inserting  a  provision 
permitting  the  use  of  all  musical  compositions  by  me- 
chanical devices,  just  the  same  as  if  they  were  per- 
formed with  the  hands  or  sung  by  the  voice,  except  in 
public  performances  for  profit." 

l-:i)i: CATION    MEANS    DISCRIMINATION. 

"All  there  is  in  education  is  in  the  development  of 
capacity  for  making  discrimination.  All  there  is  in 
government,  all  there  is  in  any  one  of  the  institutions 
which  we  prize  is  the  emphasis  that  is  placed  upon  just 
and  proper  discrimination ;  and  what  we  need  just 
now  in  this  country,  at  a  time  when  there  is  so  much 
proper  emphasis  upon  the  relation  of  government  to 


210  T1XUS    SHORTHAND 

public  service,  what  \ve  most  need  is  this  faculty  of 
discrimination  applied  in  the  direction  of  having  the 
right  thing  done  and  having  all  things  done  right. 

And,  therefore,  it  is  that  we  may  look  with  confi- 
dence upon  our  future,  because  of  the  extraordinary 
development  of  our  institutions  of  learning,  where  dis- 
crimination is  taught,  and  where  the  faculty  of  close 
observation  and  the  facility  for  reaching  sound  con- 
clusions are  developed  and  trained. 

We  want,  in  connection  with  all  these  public  ques- 
tions, a  damper  put  only  upon  the  man  who  insists  in 
talking  without  thinking,  and  having  things  done 
without  regard  to  their  essential  justice  and  merely 
because  it  may  be  pointed  out  as  a  thing  accomplished. 

With  the  amplitude  of  our  provisions  for  education, 
\vith  the  extraordinary  resources  of  our  youth  and  our 
higher  schools  of  all  kinds,  we  shall  not  suffer  so  long 
as  the  American  people  remember  that  everything  must 
proceed  in  accordance  with  good  reasoning,  after  care- 
ful deliberation,  after  discriminating  study,  and  then 
it  must  be  settled,  no  matter  who  stands  in  the  way  of 
the  great  final  judgment." 


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